1.6 Nucleic Acids

• The two types of nucleic acids are DNA and RNA
• What sugar is found in RNA?

  Ribose
• What are the four bases found in RNA?

  A, G, C, U
• What sugar is present in DNA nucleotides?

  Deoxyribose
• What is the function of DNA?

  Stores genetic instructions
• What are the three components of a nucleotide?

  Sugar, phosphate group, base
• The two strands of DNA are complementary and antiparallel.


  True
• DNA consists of two polynucleotide chains
• What are the two main types of nucleic acids?

  DNA and RNA
• What is the base that replaces thymine in RNA?

  Uracil
• What are the two main differences between DNA and RNA nucleotides?

  Sugar and base
• Nucleotides transport energy within cells, such as in ATP


  True
• The single-stranded structure of RNA allows it to fold into three-dimensional shapes for protein synthesis


  True
• In transcription, RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region of DNA
• What is the flow of genetic information in the central dogma of molecular biology?

  DNA to RNA to proteins
• Which base in DNA is replaced by uracil in RNA?

  Thymine
• Nucleotides are the monomeric units of nucleic acids.
• DNA and RNA share the same set of bases.

  False
• The complementary and antiparallel arrangement of DNA strands allows for efficient storage and transmission of genetic information.
• Which base in DNA pairs with adenine?

  Thymine
• What type of replication ensures genetic information is faithfully passed on to daughter cells?

  Semi-conservative replication
• DNA polymerase proofreads the new strands and corrects any errors
• Steps of transcription in eukaryotes

  1️⃣ Initiation: RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region

  2️⃣ Elongation: RNA polymerase synthesizes complementary RNA

  3️⃣ Termination: RNA polymerase releases the RNA molecule
• The genetic code is the set of rules that determines how the sequence of nucleotides in DNA or mRNA is translated into a sequence of amino acids.
• Which codon specifies the amino acid methionine?

  AUG
• What are nucleic acids essential for in living organisms?

  Genetic information
• What sugar is found in DNA?

  Deoxyribose
• RNA contains the base uracil instead of thymine
• Nucleotides carry genetic information in cells.


  True
• What is the function of RNA?

  Carries genetic information
• The bases in RNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil
• What type of bonds hold the two strands of DNA together?

  Hydrogen bonds
• Which base pairs with adenine in DNA?

  Thymine
• Match the nucleic acid with its description:

  DNA ↔️ Stores genetic instructions

  RNA ↔️ Transmits genetic information
• Nucleotides can transport energy within cells.

  True
• The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose
• In DNA, adenine (A) pairs with thymine
• What is the enzyme responsible for unwinding and separating the DNA double helix during replication?

  Helicase
• What sequence signals the end of transcription?

  Termination sequence
• DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose and the base thymine