1.2 Carbohydrates

• Carbohydrates are only used for energy storage in organisms.

  False
• The most common monosaccharides are glucose, fructose, and galactose
• Disaccharides are formed when two monosaccharides are joined by a glycosidic bond.
• Match the carbohydrate type with its example:

  Monosaccharide ↔️ Glucose

  Disaccharide ↔️ Sucrose

  Polysaccharide ↔️ Cellulose
• Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a 1:2:1 ratio.


  True
• What type of projection is used to represent the spatial arrangement of atoms in monosaccharides?

  Fischer
• Glycosidic bonds are broken down through a reaction called hydrolysis.
• Cellulose is a structural component found in the cell walls of plants.
• Glycogen is used for short-term energy storage in animals
• Lactose, a disaccharide, is found in milk
• Carbohydrates are used for energy storage and release.

  True
• Match the type of carbohydrate with its structure:

  Monosaccharides ↔️ Simple ring

  Disaccharides ↔️ Two rings

  Polysaccharides ↔️ Long chain
• Enzymes are typically required to break down glycosidic bonds through hydrolysis
• What type of reaction creates glycosidic bonds?

  Dehydration
• Match the reaction with its description:

  Formation ↔️ Dehydration, water removed

  Breakdown ↔️ Hydrolysis, water added
• Glycogen is the primary energy storage molecule in animals.

  True
• How many calories per gram do carbohydrates provide?

  4 calories
• Steps in carbohydrate metabolism:

  1️⃣ Glycolysis

  2️⃣ Aerobic respiration

  3️⃣ Anaerobic respiration
• Anaerobic respiration requires oxygen to produce ATP.

  False
• Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, while anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen
• What are the three elements that compose carbohydrates?

  Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
• Match the biological significance with the type of molecule:

  Energy storage and release ↔️ Glucose, starch, glycogen

  Structural components ↔️ Cellulose, chitin

  Signaling molecules ↔️ Glycoproteins
• Rank the complexity of carbohydrates from simplest to most complex:

  1️⃣ Monosaccharides

  2️⃣ Disaccharides

  3️⃣ Polysaccharides
• Monosaccharides are the simplest sugars with a single sugar unit.

  True
• Disaccharides are formed when two monosaccharides are joined by a glycosidic bond in a dehydration reaction.
• Which biomolecule is used for energy storage and release in living organisms?

  Carbohydrates
• Monosaccharides are classified as having a single sugar unit and no glycosidic bond.


  True
• Steps involved in the formation and breakdown of glycosidic bonds:

  1️⃣ Dehydration reaction removes water to form a glycosidic bond

  2️⃣ Hydrolysis adds water to break the bond
• Starch is used for short-term energy storage in animals.

  False
• Cellulose provides structural support in plant cell walls.


  True
• How many calories per gram do carbohydrates provide?

  4
• What are the basic building blocks of carbohydrates?

  Monosaccharides
• What molecule is removed during the formation of a glycosidic bond?

  Water
• The reverse process of glycosidic bond formation is called hydrolysis
• What is the primary function of glucose in the body?

  Energy source
• Where is cellulose primarily found?

  Plant cell walls
• Glucose is the primary energy source for the brain
• What is the end product of glycolysis?

  Pyruvate
• Match the respiration type with its characteristic:

  Aerobic respiration ↔️ High ATP yield

  Anaerobic respiration ↔️ Low ATP yield
• Carbohydrates are used for energy storage and release