variables

• Independent variables are something that changes or is manipulated in an experiment.
• Dependent variables are the variable that is measured.
• Extraneous variables are any other variable other than the IV that causes change in the DV (the environment).
• Confounding variables are variables that the experimenter can't change (participant variables).
• Types of extraneous variables include other mental disability, amount of sleep, what people drank before, their mood that day, room setting, temperature of room, time of the day, topic, types of people, and external events.
• Types of confounding variables include age, gender, class.
• Problem with the participant is Demand characteristics, which is when participants want to please the experimenter by doing better than they normally would.
• Screw u effect is when participants don't try their best so they were worse than the actual result should be.
• Participant reactivity is when participants don't take part.
• Investigator effect is the selection of participants by the experimenter.
• Body language, material used, and instructions can all contribute to investigator effect.
• Leading questions can contribute to investigator effect.
• Single use design is when the patient is not aware of the research aim or condition they are taking part in.
• Double blind design is when the conductors and participants are blind to the hypothesis/aims.
• Experimental realism is engaging participants' attention without making them aware that they are in an experiment.
• Non standardised changes in procedure do not act as extraneous variables.
• Standardisation is when all participants are subjected to the same environmental information and research, including instructions.