The structure and function of neuron

• What are electric transmission?

  When a neuron is activated by a stimulus, the inside of a cell becomes positively charged for a second causing an action potential to occur. This creates an electrical impulse that travels down the axon towards the end of the neuron
• Terminal buttons

  At the end of the axon and communicates with the next neuron in the chain across a gap known as the synapse
• Myelin sheath


  Protects the axon and speeds up electrical transmission of the impulse. Separated in gaps (nodes of ranvier)
• Axon

  Carried impulses away from the cell body down the length of the neuron
• Dendrites

  Carry nerve impulses from neighbouring neurons towards the cell body
• Cell body

  Includes nucleus (contains the genetic material of the cell)
• Motor neuron

  Connects the CNS to the effectors such as muscles and glands

  - they have short dendrites and long axon

  
• Relay neuron

  Connect the sensory neurons to the motor or other relay neuron.

  - they have short axons and short dendrites

  
• Sensory neuron

  Carry messages from the PNS to the CNS. they have short axons and long dendrites.

  
• What are the three types of neurons?

  - Motor neuron

  - sensory neuron

  -Relay neuron