Unit 1 OTA

• posterior= back/ dorsal
• anterior= front/ volar/ ventral/ bolar
• superior= towards head
• inferior= towards toes
• medial= towards middle of body
• ipsialateral is on the same side of the body
• contralateral is opposite side of the body
• orgin is the attschment that moves the least/ usually proximal (near the center of body)
• insertion= more movable attachment/ usually digital
• palpation= use of physical touch to identify structures
• surface anatomy= you can see (palpatate/ visual skin surface)
• boney landmarks= bone that protrudes from beneath skin
• force = any push or pull
• compressive force = pushing
• tensive = pulling
• first class levers= head/ forces on opposite sides of axis
• second class lever= toes/ mechanical advantage/ resistive force is closer to the axis than external force
• third class lever: the lever is at a right angle to the fulcrum, arm/ velocity
• biomechanics= structure/ function examination
• aponeurosis= broad fibrosis insertion that connects adjacent musclues ex. rectus sheath
• fascia (apoerosis)= dense connective tissue
• pimary mover (agonist)= produces the most force, ex. brahialis
• synergist= musclues that assist the primary mover (agonist), ex. brachii
• antagonist= muscules that produce the opposite movement needed to relax , ex. bicep flex ticep relax
• fixators= stabillizers, ex. stability from cervical spine
• force couple= muscules working together, while acting in diffrent directions to stabalize a joint
• joint = a articulation between two muscules
• singe/multiple muscules act on all joints they come across
• base of support= how stable you are/ staggared + wide= more stability/ parallel + closed = less stable
• compression of the brachial plexus leads to TOS (thoracic outlet syndrome)
• bones= dense, porous, calcified conective tissue
• muscules= tissue capable of contrating to cause body movement
• tendons= connect muscle to bone
• ligiments= connect bone to bone
• superfical fascia= forms thin connective sheet immediately deep to skin (ex. thoracolumbar fascia on back)
• deep fascia = surrounds fucntional groups of muscules holding them together in muscular compartments (ex. lower leg is divided into four fascia compartments)
• retinaculum= strap tendons in a particuar location or position (ex. flexor retinaculum of anterior wrist)
• bursa = small fluid filled sack that reduces friction between two structures
• cartilage = tough elastic, fibrous connective tissue found in various parts of the body such as joints, outer ear, and larynx
• fibrocartilage = numerous thick bundles of collogen fibers (ex. structure in the skull and intervertebral discs