blood, heart, pressure and fugazis 🤫🧏

• Capillaries


  The smallest blood vessels, where the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products occurs with the body's cells
• Valves


  Structures within the heart that ensure blood flows in the correct direction and prevents backflow
• Pulse


  The rhythmic expansion and contraction of the arteries due to the heartbeat, felt as a pulse
• Heart Rate


  The number of times the heart beats per minute, an important indicator of cardiovascular health
• Diastole


  The phase of the cardiac cycle where the heart relaxes and fills with blood from the atria
• Systole


  The phase of the cardiac cycle where the heart contracts to pump blood out to the body
• Cardiac Cycle


  The sequence of events in one heartbeat, including the contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) phases
• Veins


  Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart
• Arteries


  Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body
• Ventricles


  The lower chambers of the heart, responsible for pumping blood to the lungs and the rest of the body
• Atrium


  The upper chamber of the heart, which receives blood from the veins and passes it to the ventricles
• Right Atrium: receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it into the right ventricle
• Right Ventricle: pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs
• Left Atrium: receives blood from the pulmonary veins and pumps it to the left ventricle
• Left Ventricle: The main chamber of the heart that pumps blood to the body.
• Platelets


  Essential for blood clotting to prevent excessive bleeding. They are small cell fragments lacking a nucleus, containing enzymes and substances that promote clot formation. Produced through the fragmentation of loose cells.
• White Blood Cells


  Defend the body against infections and foreign substances. Types include Neutrophils (digest bacteria), Lymphocytes (produce antibodies), Monocytes (engulf particles), Eosinophils (attack parasites), and Basophils (promote inflammation). They are formed in the bone marrow.
• Red Blood Cells


  Responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the blood tissues and organs, and carbon dioxide and other waste products to the lungs. They are flexible, biconcave, and contain hemoglobin. Lymphocytes function through erythropoiesis.
• Plasma


  The liquid component of blood that carries cells, nutrients, hormones, and waste products. Composed of water (90-92%), proteins, hormones, electrolytes, and waste products. It is yellowish and makes up 55% of the total blood volume.
• Blood Pressure: The force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries.
• Hypertension: abnormally high blood pressure.
• Hypotension: abnormally low blood pressure.
• How is O2 and CO2 transported in the blood? Oxygen is carried in hemoglobin and carbon dioxide is carried in bicarbonate ions
• What is the role of platelets in hemostasis? Platelets play an important role in clotting by forming a plug at the site of injury and releasing chemicals that attract more platelets and white blood cells to the area.
• Mitral Valve: A valve that separates the left atrium from the left ventricle.
• Tricuspid Valve: A valve that separates the right atrium from the right ventricle
• Pulmonary Valve: A valve that separates the left ventricle from the pulmonary artery
• Aortic Valve: A valve that prevents backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the aorta
• Pulmonary Vein: carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
• Pulmonary Artery: carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
• Aorta: carries blood from the heart to the body and the rest of the body
• Vena Ceva: carries blood from the body to the heart