BIO quiz 2

• Cell Division is when cell copies it’s DNA and divides into 2 daughter cells that are identical
• Chromosomes are structures of compact DNA that carry genetic information.
• asexual reproduction is genetically identical offspring created by one parent
• clone is 2 genetically identical individuals
• Sexual Reproduction is when 2 parents involved in a fusion of gametes
• sexual reproduction is not identical to parents
• gametes are egg and sperm
• cell division is necessary for all forms of life
• cell division allows single cell organisms to reproduce
• Cells must be tightly controlled, if not cancer might evolve
• Binary Fission is processed by which prokaryotes reproduce
• prokaryotes cell division are one circular DNA chromosome’s
• eukaryotic cell division is when genes found in the nucleus group together into multiple chromosomes
• DNA exists as a diffuse mass called chromatins during eukaryotic cell division
• chromatin is loose state
• chromosomes are a condensed state used during cell division
• sister chromatids are joined copies attatched by proteins in the centromere
• centromere a region where proteins attach to chromosomes
• cell cycle is an ordered sequence of events from the instant a cell formed until it divides
• interphase is the growing phase before mitosis
• mitotic phase is where the cell physically divides and grows double the size and prepares to split
• The 2 parts of mitotic phase is mitosis and cytokinesis
• Mitosis stages are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
• prophase is where the DNA condenses and prepared for division
• pro metaphase is where the nuclear envelope breaks down and motoríceme spindles attach to DNA and sister chromatids move to the center of the cell
• Metaphase is where sister chromatids are lined up in the center of the cell and chromatids attach to the spindle fibers
• Anaphase is when sister chromatids are pulled apart
• Telophase is the end of mitosis, the nuclear envelope reforms and the cell continues to elongate
• Cytokinesis happens after mitosis when the cell physically divides into 2 daughter cells
• cleavage furrow is a grove in the cel surface that is formed by the cell wall
• anchorage dependent cells have o be in contact with a solid surface
• density dependent is when crowded cells stop dividing
• growth factors are proteins that signal growth in the body
• check points are critical points where cells stop and check cell status then decided to continue dividing or not.
• G0 is when cells are not dividing, but are still alive and functioning
• cancer is when cells divide excessively and forms tumors.
• benign means the tumor remains at the original site
• malignant means it can invade other tissues
• metastasis spreads from its original tissue.
• somatic cells are any cell in the body except sperm and egg.