increasing sectionalism

• "King cotton" had transformed the South into a rural region with slavery, little manufacturing and few railroads.
• The North had industrial factories, cities, paid workers, railroads, and larger population.
• These regional increased sectionalism-placing the intrests of a region above the intrests of the nation
• Missori compromise of 1820: The first major issue regarding slavery in the antebellum era focused on missori becoming a state in 1820
• North/ South didn't want to upset the equal balence of free and slave sates in the senate
• Northerns didnt want slavery to spread beyond "deep south"
• Southerns didnt think congress had the power to stop slavery
• In 1820, Henry clay negotiated the missior compromise: missior became a slave state, maine broke from massachuetts and became a free state, slavery was outlawed in all western territoeies above the lattidude of 36 30
• In the 1820s tariffs divided north and south
• southerns argued tarriffs ony benefitted north and made manufauted goods too expensive
• In 1831, Nat Turner freed slaves on virgina farms and killed many whites
• Southerns made slavery codes more severe
• Texas was not annexed for 9 years bec it would unbalence the number of free and slave states
• the additon of the mexican cession after the mexican-ameircan war gave southerns hope that slavery would spread
• In 1846 norhtern congressmen tried to the wilmot proviso, this law would have outlawed all slavery from mexican cession
• Rather than voting along party lines congressmen votes was according to region
• in 1848, the free soil party was formed to keep slavery from spread west
• Free soilers were not in congress because they did not think congress had the power to end slavery; they were against expansion of slavery into the west
• in 1850, california asked to enter union as a free state
• Southers didnt want more free states & wanted slavery to be allowed in the western terroritories the USA had just won
• Northerns wanted to keep slavery out of the SW & wanted other laws to protect slaves who made it to freedom in north
• The compromise of 1850 solved the sectional freedom in the North and south
• Calfornia entered as a free state
• The ppl of Utah and New Mexico could vote to allow or ban slavery popular sovereignty
• The slave trade ended Washington DC
• A stronger fugitive slave law was created that allowed southerns to reclaim slaves in the north
• from 1820 to 1850 sectionalism was due to differnces in regional economies and the use of slavery, westward expansion & the entry of new states into union and growing abolitism in the north
• each time a disbute threataned the nation, a compromise was reached
• the election of 1856 was the first time in which political parties represented sections of the country, not the nation
• slavery becomes the most imporant politcal issue in american politics
• even tho the Republican party lost in 1856 they realize that they had enough electroal votes to win the presidency w/o southern support
• in 1857 a slave named dred scott sued for his freedom after traveling with his master from Missouri to Wisconsion
• The dred scott case presented the supreme court with 2 major questions: does congress have the authority to decide on slavery in the territories and is the Missiori compromise constitutional
• Dred scott vs Sanford (1857) the supreme court ruled Dred Scott had no right to sue because blacks are not citizens
• congress didnt have the power to stop slavery in western territories in western territories so the Missouri compromise was ruled unconstitutional
• in 1858, Democrat Stephen Douglas ran against Abraham Lincoln for Illinois senate
• Lincoln was unknown at the time, but during the campaign he argued that congress most stop the spread of slavery
• Lincoln lost the senate election, but his argument against slavery made him popular national figure
• JIn 1859 John Brown led an unsuccessful raid in attempt to free slaves and start a massive slave revolt. Brown was caught and executed but he was a martyr by many in the North
• Republicans nominated Abraham Linchon who argued for free soil & strong national gov