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Psychology A-Level
Paper 1
Social Influence
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Created by
Emma Duell
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Cards (120)
What is conformity defined as?
Yielding to
group pressures
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How is conformity described in terms of behavior or opinion change?
Change due to real or imagined
group pressure
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What are the two types of pressure in conformity?
Real
and
imagined
pressure
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Who proposed the three types of conformity?
Kelman
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What are the three types of conformity proposed by Kelman?
Internalisation
: Permanent change of beliefs and values.
Identification
: Temporary change in behavior in group presence.
Compliance
: Public agreement with private disagreement.
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What is internalisation in conformity?
Making
group
beliefs
your own
permanently
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What is identification in conformity?
Temporary change of
behavior
in a group
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What is compliance in conformity?
Agreeing
publicly
but
disagreeing
privately
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What type of social influence leads to compliance?
Normative social influence
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What is informational social influence?
Conforming
to be right by copying others
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When does informational social influence typically occur?
When a person is
uncertain
or unsure
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What did Fein et al. demonstrate about informational social influence?
Participants
changed
votes
to be correct
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What is normative social influence?
Conforming to be liked and accepted
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How did Garandeau and Cillissen's study relate to normative social influence?
It showed bullying can manipulate conformity
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What did Lucas et al. find about conformity in difficult tasks?
Conformity increased with task difficulty
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What does Deutsch and Gerrard's 'Two Process Model' suggest?
NSI and ISI are complementary, not exclusive
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How many participants were in Asch's study?
123
male
American
undergraduates
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What was the aim of Asch's study?
To investigate
conformity
and
majority
influence
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What was the procedure of Asch's study?
Participants presented with 4 lines.
Asked to identify the same length line.
Real participant answered last or second to last.
Confederates gave incorrect answers in 12 out of 18 trials.
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What percentage of participants conformed in Asch's study?
36.8%
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What percentage of participants never conformed in Asch's study?
25%
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What was the control trial's incorrect response rate in Asch's study?
1%
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How does group size affect conformity?
Conformity increases with larger groups
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What is the optimal group size for conformity according to Asch?
Three members
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How does unanimity affect conformity?
Increased
unanimity
increases
conformity
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What happens to conformity when a correct answer is given by another participant?
Conformity drops
significantly
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How does task difficulty affect conformity?
Increased
difficulty
leads to
increased conformity
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What is the significance of the findings from Asch's study regarding conformity?
It highlights the influence of
group dynamics
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What are the strengths of Asch's study?
High
internal validity
due to
controlled variables
.
Easy replication due to
lab experiment design
.
Supports
normative social influence
findings.
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What are the weaknesses of Asch's study?
Lacks
ecological validity
due to artificial tasks.
Gender bias from male-only participants.
Ethical issues regarding
deception
and
consent
.
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What is the agentic state in obedience?
Believing someone else takes
responsibility
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What is the legitimacy of authority?
Credibility
of the authority figure
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How does expert authority influence obedience?
People obey
credible
figures
like
scientists
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What ethical issues were present in Zimbardo's study?
Deception
and lack of
informed consent
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What was the aim of Zimbardo's study?
To investigate
conformity
to social roles
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What were the findings of Zimbardo's study?
Rapid identification with
roles
by participants.
Guards exhibited
aggressive
behavior towards
prisoners
.
Prisoners became submissive and compliant.
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What are the strengths of Zimbardo's study?
Real-life applications in
prison management
.
Participants were fully
debriefed
post-study.
Led to recognition of ethical guidelines.
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What are the weaknesses of Zimbardo's study?
Lacks
ecological validity
due to
artificial setting
.
Ethical concerns regarding participant treatment.
Demand characteristics may have influenced behavior.
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What is the agentic shift?
Transition from
autonomous
to agentic state
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How does the agentic state relate to obedience?
People obey as they avoid
personal responsibility
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