Social Influence

    Cards (120)

    • What is conformity defined as?
      Yielding to group pressures
    • How is conformity described in terms of behavior or opinion change?
      Change due to real or imagined group pressure
    • What are the two types of pressure in conformity?
      Real and imagined pressure
    • Who proposed the three types of conformity?
      Kelman
    • What are the three types of conformity proposed by Kelman?
      • Internalisation: Permanent change of beliefs and values.
      • Identification: Temporary change in behavior in group presence.
      • Compliance: Public agreement with private disagreement.
    • What is internalisation in conformity?
      Making group beliefs your own permanently
    • What is identification in conformity?
      Temporary change of behavior in a group
    • What is compliance in conformity?
      Agreeing publicly but disagreeing privately
    • What type of social influence leads to compliance?
      Normative social influence
    • What is informational social influence?
      Conforming to be right by copying others
    • When does informational social influence typically occur?
      When a person is uncertain or unsure
    • What did Fein et al. demonstrate about informational social influence?
      Participants changed votes to be correct
    • What is normative social influence?
      Conforming to be liked and accepted
    • How did Garandeau and Cillissen's study relate to normative social influence?
      It showed bullying can manipulate conformity
    • What did Lucas et al. find about conformity in difficult tasks?
      Conformity increased with task difficulty
    • What does Deutsch and Gerrard's 'Two Process Model' suggest?
      NSI and ISI are complementary, not exclusive
    • How many participants were in Asch's study?
      123 male American undergraduates
    • What was the aim of Asch's study?
      To investigate conformity and majority influence
    • What was the procedure of Asch's study?
      • Participants presented with 4 lines.
      • Asked to identify the same length line.
      • Real participant answered last or second to last.
      • Confederates gave incorrect answers in 12 out of 18 trials.
    • What percentage of participants conformed in Asch's study?
      36.8%
    • What percentage of participants never conformed in Asch's study?
      25%
    • What was the control trial's incorrect response rate in Asch's study?
      1%
    • How does group size affect conformity?
      Conformity increases with larger groups
    • What is the optimal group size for conformity according to Asch?
      Three members
    • How does unanimity affect conformity?
      Increased unanimity increases conformity
    • What happens to conformity when a correct answer is given by another participant?
      Conformity drops significantly
    • How does task difficulty affect conformity?
      Increased difficulty leads to increased conformity
    • What is the significance of the findings from Asch's study regarding conformity?
      It highlights the influence of group dynamics
    • What are the strengths of Asch's study?
      • High internal validity due to controlled variables.
      • Easy replication due to lab experiment design.
      • Supports normative social influence findings.
    • What are the weaknesses of Asch's study?
      • Lacks ecological validity due to artificial tasks.
      • Gender bias from male-only participants.
      • Ethical issues regarding deception and consent.
    • What is the agentic state in obedience?
      Believing someone else takes responsibility
    • What is the legitimacy of authority?
      Credibility of the authority figure
    • How does expert authority influence obedience?
      People obey credible figures like scientists
    • What ethical issues were present in Zimbardo's study?
      Deception and lack of informed consent
    • What was the aim of Zimbardo's study?
      To investigate conformity to social roles
    • What were the findings of Zimbardo's study?
      • Rapid identification with roles by participants.
      • Guards exhibited aggressive behavior towards prisoners.
      • Prisoners became submissive and compliant.
    • What are the strengths of Zimbardo's study?
      • Real-life applications in prison management.
      • Participants were fully debriefed post-study.
      • Led to recognition of ethical guidelines.
    • What are the weaknesses of Zimbardo's study?
      • Lacks ecological validity due to artificial setting.
      • Ethical concerns regarding participant treatment.
      • Demand characteristics may have influenced behavior.
    • What is the agentic shift?
      Transition from autonomous to agentic state
    • How does the agentic state relate to obedience?
      People obey as they avoid personal responsibility