English - Argument; Persuasive Writing

• Persuasive writing - aims to convince the reader to take action or simply to agree with the writer's stand.
• Aristotle's Methods of Persuasion - appeals or persuasive strategies to support your claims and disprove counterclaims.
• Aristotle’s Method of Persuasion —

  are the most effective tools of persuasive writing or speaking.
• Logos - This is also called as appeal to logic or appeal to reason.
• Logos - as appeal to logic or appeal to reason. When using this, the writer appeals to readers with the use of logic or reason. This means providing information such as facts, statistics, historical evidence, or data from certain authorities on a particular topic.
• What method of persuasion is used in this statement: The student's intellectual quotient or 1Q shows that he is, in fact, intellectually gifted. This is also supported by his high scores in standardized tests and his consistently excellent performance in all academic subjects. — LOGOS
• Ethos - Also called an ethical appeal
• Ethos - this strategy is used when the writer convinces readers of his or her credibility or character.
• What method of persuasion is used in this statement: As a teacher with 20 years of experience teaching high school students, I can say that the current curriculum does not adequately address the learning needs of the students. ETHOS
• Pathos - This is also referred to as emotional appeal.
• A writer that uses pathos aims to invoke sympathy.
• Facts or data - A persuasive device that may be the results of studies or proven facts that may persuade the readers.
• Rebuttal - A persuasive device that is used to oppose or disprove a statement, particularly a counterclaim.
• Anecdote - This is a narrative or story of a person or character, usually written in a humorous way.
• Rhetorical Question - Not meant to be answered by readers, this type of question is used to challenge readers to reflect on the issue.
• Logical fallacies - errors in reasoning that may weaken one’s argument while using abovementioned appeals
• Hasty generalization - This logical fallacy is committed when the writer makes a conclusion that is based on insufficient evidence.
• What logical fallacy is this statement: have only gotten through the first ten pages of the novel, but I can already tell that the book is uninteresting and is not worth reading. HASTY GENERALIZATION
• Red herring - This fallacy is committed when the writer begins discussing an idea that avoids the key issue and distracts readers from it.
• What logical fallacy is used in this statement: People are often told that they need to eat healthy foods and do exercise regularly, but what we should really be promoting is not that people need to be thinner but that they should be more confident whatever the size or shape of their body. RED HERRING
• Ad hominem - attacks not the reasoning or arguments of an opposing individual but rather his or her character.
• What logical fallacy is used in the statement: Mr. Sanchez gives others relationship advice, but he has never been able to stay in a romantic relationship for more than two years, so why should you listen to him and believe what he says? AD HOMINEM
• Ad populum - This is an appeal that follows the reasoning, "If many or most people believe it, it must be true."
• Ad populum - It often makes use of issues such as religion, democracy, or popularity rather than focusing on the real issue.
• What logical fallacy is used in the statement: If you were really in favor of democracy, then you would support the right of the people to arm themselves with guns so that they could protect themselves.

  After all, 70 percent of civilian Filipinos believe that they should be allowed to possess guns. AD POPULUM
• Slippery slope - This makes the assumption that a certain event or a change in the status quo would bring about another although there is not enough evidence given to support such a conclusion.
• What logical fallacy is used in the statement: If we legalize divorce in the Philippines, eventually abortion would be legalized as well.

  Therefore, we should not legalize divorce. SLIPPERY SLOPE
• PERSUASIVE DEVICES:

  1. Facts or Data
  2. Anecdote
  3. Rebuttal
  4. Rhetorical Question
• LOGICAL FALLACIES:

  1. Hasty Generalization
  2. Red Herring
  3. Ad Hominem
  4. Ad Populum
  5. Slippery Slope