kinetic theory and absolute temp

• Kinetic theory


  A model used to explain the properties of solids, liquids and gases by considering the movement and arrangement of the particles they are made from

  
• Charles' Law


  States that if a gas is heated and the pressure does not change, the volume has to change

  
• Charles' Law equation


  volume ÷ temperature = constant

  (for a fixed mass of gas at a constant pressure)

  
• Boyle's Law


  States that for a gas at a constant temperature, increasing pressure means that volume will decrease

  
• Boyle's Law equation


  pressure × volume = constant

  (for a fixed mass of gas at a constant temperature)

  
• pV/T = constant


  The equation formed by combining Charles' Law and Boyle's Law

  
• Effect on pressure when a fixed mass of gas is heated

  The gas particles move faster and collide with more force and more frequently, increasing the pressure

  
• Effect on pressure when a fixed mass of gas is cooled

  The gas particles move slower and collide with less force and less frequently, decreasing the pressure

  
• Absolute zero


  -273 ºC

  
• Motion of gas particles at absolute zero


  The particles in a gas stop moving and the gas does not exert any pressure at all
• Relation between average kinetic energy of particles and temperature

  The average kinetic energy of the particles in a gas is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas inKelvin

  
• Kelvin


  The unit for temperature on the absolute temperature scale, names after Lord Kelvin

  
• Absolute temperature scale


  The Kelvin temperature scale which starts at 0 Kelvin and is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of the particles in a gas

  
• 0 degrees Celsius (ºC) is equal to ___ Kelvin (K)

  273 K

  
• 0 Kelvin (K) is equal to ___ degrees Celsius (ºC)

  - 273 ºC