Ch9 transport in animals

• blood pathway:

  Inferior vena cava--right atrium--tricuspid valve--right ventricle--pulmonary valve--pulmonary artery--lungs--pulmonary vein--left atrium--bicuspid valve--left ventricle--aortic valve--aorta
• septum separates the left and right sides of the heart, as well as separates the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
• what is the heart made from

  the cardiac muscle tissue
• how can you monitor the heart activity

  by electrocardiogram, measuring the pulse rate or listening to the sounds of valves closing using a stethoscope
• arteries function

  transport blood away from the heart
• veins function

  transports low pressured blood to the heart
• capillaries function

  supply all cells with their needs and carry away waste products
• arteries structure

  elastic tissue walls that stretch and relax as blood is forced out, causing pulse

  thick walls to withstand high pressure

  small lumen to maintain blood pressure
• veins structure

  thinner walls than arteries with less muscles and elastic tissues because of the low blood pressure

  valves preventing the backflow of blood

  wide lumen to reduce resistance to the flow of blood
• capillaries structure

  one cell thick for easy diffusion

  thin walls and narrow lumen bringing blood to all cells

  highly branched to obtain high surface area