Family : Thurnwald / Gough

• -The nuclear family isn’t universal. Richard Thurnwald studied the Banaro tribes in Papua New Guineau between

  1913 - 1915. The families of the Banaro tribe live in a communal house, divided into apartments for each family unit. The husband does not have sexual relations with his wife until she has borne a child by a friend of his father. Therefore, the parent-child relationship with the father is not biological.
• -The nuclear family isn’t universal. Kathleen Gough carried out a detailed study of the Nayar group from Kerla in Pakistan in 1961. Before puberty, all girls are married to a suitable man.

  However, after marriage the husband does not live with his wife and is under no obligation to make any contact. The only duty of the wife is to attend his funeral and mourn his death. Nayar girls can take on many 'visiting' husbands as they wish. The husbands spend much time away from the villages so on return choose a woman to stay the night with. These husbands have no duty towards their offspring.