types of nutrition

• What is nutrition?

  The process of obtaining energy and matter
• What are the two main types of nutrition?

  Autotrophic and heterotrophic
• What are autotrophs known as?

  Producers
• How do autotrophs obtain energy?

  By manufacturing complex organic compounds
• What process do plants use for autotrophic nutrition?

  Photosynthesis
• Where does photosynthesis take place in plants?

  In the chloroplasts
• What do simple inorganic compounds form during photosynthesis?

  Complex organic compounds like sugars
• What type of bacteria are autotrophic bacteria?

  Photosynthetic or chemosynthetic
• What pigment do photosynthetic bacteria use?

  Bacteriochlorophyll
• What is the energy source for photosynthetic bacteria?

  Light
• How do photosynthetic bacteria differ from plants?

  They use hydrogen sulphide instead of water
• What do chemosynthetic bacteria use to synthesize organic compounds?

  Inorganic materials in the absence of light
• What do iron bacteria oxidize?

  Divalent iron salts
• What do colourless sulphur bacteria oxidize?

  Hydrogen sulphide to sulphur
• What can hydrogen bacteria oxidize?

  Hydrogen to form water
• What role do nitrifying bacteria play?

  They are essential in the nitrogen cycle
• What is heterotrophic nutrition?

  Nutrition where organisms cannot synthesize food
• Why are heterotrophs known as consumers?

  They consume organic food produced by autotrophs
• Which organisms are classified as heterotrophs?

  Animals, fungi, protoctists, and bacteria
• What are the types of heterotrophic nutrition?

  • Holozoic feeders: Animals that digest food internally.
  • Saprophytes: Fungi and bacteria that feed on decaying matter.
  • Parasites: Organisms that feed on a host.
  • Mutualism: Two species benefit from their relationship.
• What do holozoic feeders do?

  They take food into their bodies and digest it
• What are herbivores?

  Animals that feed solely on plant material
• What are carnivores?

  Animals that feed on other animals
• What are omnivores?

  Animals that feed on both plant and animal material
• What do detritivores feed on?

  Dead and decaying material
• How do saprophytes digest food?

  By secreting enzymes onto food outside their body
• What is extracellular digestion?

  Digestion that occurs outside the organism's body
• What are microscopic saprophytes called?

  Decomposers
• What do decomposers do?

  They recycle nutrients from dead material
• What is a parasite?

  An organism that lives on or in a host
• How do parasites affect their hosts?

  They cause harm while feeding on them
• What is mutualism?

  A relationship where both species benefit
• How do mutualistic bacteria help herbivores?

  They produce cellulase to digest cellulose
• Where do mutualistic bacteria live in herbivores?

  In the rumen
• What do mutualistic bacteria absorb from herbivores?

  Digested products like amino acids