population and growth rates

• what are the causes to population changes to birth rates?

  health, social, political, environmental, cultural, education, stage of development
• what are the social causes to population changes?

  attitudes to an ageing population, population policies
• what are the political causes to population changes?

  raising retirement ages, population policies
• what are the cultural causes for population changes?

  in some countries, having lots of kids is seen as power. less religion means less beliefs on how a woman should lead her life which means more freedom and less marriages.
• what are the environmental causes for population changes?

  improved water quality means improved health. clean air and water policies.
• what are the educational causes of population changes?

  better education on contraception means less births
• what are the stage of development causes for population changes?

  HICs have higher education and healthcare so less babies because of emancipation of women
• what are the health causes of population changes to birth rates?

  better health means less deaths due to better healthcare. reduction in childhood illness.
• what are the factors affecting fertility?

  cultural controls, population policies, marriage traditions, gender, religion
• how do cultural controls affect fertility?

  fewer children in the uk are now the norm because children are expensive and there are contraceptives available and its socially acceptible. in china, the 1 child policy was enforced.
• how do population policies affect fertility?

  china's 1 child policy, india's 1 family, 2 children policy
• how do marriage traditions affect fertility?

  more than 60% of women in 5 countries of sub Saharan Africa and Bangladesh were married before they were 18. in some countries, having more wives is seen as power, in some countries, the minimum age for marriage is 12
• how does gender affect fertility?


  in some countries it is better to have male children due to men farming. this means that parents will continue to have kids until they get a boy which leads to them having lots of kids and bigger families. women are still discriminated against in many cultures, often not receiving any education and when married are expected to leave their families.
• how does religion affect fertility?

  in areas that the majority of the population rate is Muslim, there have been some of the highest fertility and population rates. certain religions are against contraception