#3

• Conformity is the act of submitting oneself to the norms and conventions of society, driven by a desire for acceptance, fear of rejection, or a belief that the group is more knowledgeable.
• Examples of conformity include wearing a school uniform, following current fashion trends, going along with the majority opinion, and voting for the same political party as your family.
• Deviance is the opposite of conformity, with deviants being those who do not conform with the norms and laws of society.
• Emile Durkheim, the father of sociology, outlines the four functions of deviance: affirming cultural values and norms, clarifying moral boundaries, bringing people together, and encouraging social change.
• Formal deviance refers to the explicit transgression of established norms, rules, or legal frameworks within a given a social organizational context, encompassing behaviors or actions that contravene explicitly stated expectations and guidelines, leading to potential consequences or sanctions.
• Informal deviance pertains to actions or behaviors that violate implicit norms, expectations, or cultural standards, often resulting in social disapproval or criticism.
• Social control is at the heart of conformity and deviance, referring to the ways in which people’s thoughts, feelings, appearance, and behavior are regulated in social systems.
• Conformity follows the process of pursuing a person’s goal through traditional means like education and hard work.
• Ritualism is the type of deviance where the person rejects a certain cultural goal like the acquisition of money, but still continues to act conventionally to project a level of dignity.
• Retreatism is another type of deviance where the individual is similar to being apathetic, as shown by alcoholics and drug addicts.
• Innovation is the use of non-traditional way or approach to reach a socially acceptable goal like earning money by stealing or through investments scam.
• Rebellion is the type of deviance where an individual rejects both cultural goal and traditional way of reaching it.