culture

• What improvements occurred for workers and women in Germany from 1924 to 1929?

  • Improved living standards
  • Unemployment insurance introduced
  • Reduced working hours and improved conditions
  • Compulsory pensions
  • Increased housing construction
• What percentage of workers' earnings was deducted for unemployment insurance?

  9%
• What was the impact of the 10% tax cut introduced in Germany?

  It funded the construction of new homes
• How many homes were built in Germany between 1925 and 1929?

  101,000 homes
• What changes occurred for women in the workforce during the Weimar Republic?

  • Many women left work after marriage
  • Employment dropped from 75% in 1918 to 36% in 1925
  • New opportunities in teaching and medicine
  • Increase in part-time work
  • Encouragement to attend university
• How did the behavior of 'new women' challenge traditional values in Weimar Germany?

  They prioritized independence and leisure over marriage
• When did women earn the right to vote in Germany?

  1918
• What did Article 109 of the Weimar Constitution state about women's rights?

  Women had equal rights with men
• What cultural changes occurred in Germany between 1924 and 1929?

  • Rise of Expressionism in art
  • Popularity of German cinema
  • Bauhaus school established
  • New architectural designs challenged traditions
• Who founded the Bauhaus school?

  Walter Gropius
• What was the focus of Expressionism in art?

  Raw emotion and societal problems
• What was the title of Marlene Dietrich's famous film?

  The Blue Angel
• How did German films in the 1920s differ from traditional cinema?

  They challenged traditional cinematic norms
• What were the characteristics of the Bauhaus school?

  • Integration of various disciplines
  • Focus on functional design
  • Challenged traditional architectural styles
  • Attracted talented artists and designers
• What was the main theme of the art produced during the Weimar Republic?

  Everyday life and societal issues
• What was the significance of the cultural changes in Weimar Germany?

  They reflected societal shifts post-World War I
• What were the main factors driving cultural changes in Germany from 1924 to 1929?

  • Economic recovery post-1924
  • Influence of Expressionism
  • Increased artistic freedom
  • Social changes affecting gender roles
• How did the Weimar government support the unemployed?

  The Unemployment Act of 1927 charged 16,400,000 workers 3% of their wages in return provided an average of 60 marks per week in unemployment and sickness benefits if they fell out of work.
• How did the Weimar government support workers?

  For those in work, wages and conditions improved. The length of the working week was shortened and real wages rose by 25% from 1925 to 1928.
• How did the Weimar government improve housing?

  The government fixed the housing shortage by introducing a 15% rent tax to fund building associations.
• How did Weimar government help war veterans/ war widows?

  Under the 1920 Reich Pension Law, pensions were paid throughout the 1920s to 750,000 war veterans, 400,000 war widows and 200,000 parents of dead servicemen.
• How did the Weimar strengthen rights of women?

  The Weimar Republic strengthen the rights of women. Article 109 stated:

  -Women had equal rights to men

  -Marriage was an equal partnership, with equal rights on both sides

  -Women should be able to enter all professions on an equal basis with men.
• Why did more women work during WWI?

  With so many men involved in fighting, more women went into paid work. 75% of women were in work by 1918.
• In what ways were women not treated equally in the workplace?

  - In jobs where women did the same job they were paid on average 33% less than men.]

  
  

  -Women were normally expected to give up work once they married.

  
  

  -Few women entered high-status professions.
• How did employment opportunities improve for women?

  - The booming retail market meant that many women could work part time.

  
  

  -In more liberal professions, like education, women made more progress.
• How did 'New Women' express themselves?

  New Women' brought more clothes and went out more. They expressed their independence by their behaviour. They wore short hair, more make-up, more jewellery and more revealing clothing.
• What was an impact of the changes for women?

  The birth rate started to fall and the divorce rate started rising. As many women no longer wanted to be housewives and mothers.
• Why did the new changes for women anger the extreme right?

  This angered some people as they believed women's independence threatened to change traditional aspects of society, such as motherhood, family and good housekeeping.
• What factors caused new artistic ideas.

  The reactions of the old Kaiser had been thrown off. The new Weimar constitution encouraged freedom of speech. Economic recovery created wealth to fiance the arts.
• Define the terms: New Objectivism, Modernism, Expressionism


  New Objectivism: The idea that the arts should not show a romantic view of the world.

  Modernism: The idea that the arts should not always hark back to the past, but should embrace the future.

  Expressionism: The idea that the Arts should reflect the thoughts and feeling of the artist.
• What helped the spread new artistic ideas.

  Bauhaus movement - A design college in Berlin, that developed a style of design that influenced all areas of the Arts.

  
  

  Government support - gave grants to support art galleries, theatres, orchestras and museums.