Electrochemistry

• What is the electrochemical series of metals?

  1. Potassium-$K^+$
  2. Calcium-$Ca^{2+}$
  3. Sodium- $Na^+$
  4. Magnesium- $Mg^{2+}$
  5. Aluminium-$Al^{3+}$
  6. Zinc-$Zn^{2+}$
  7. Iron-$Fe\ ^{2+}$
  8. Lead-$Pb^{2+}$
  9. Hydrogen -$H^+$
  10. Copper- $Cu^{2+}$
  11. Silver- $Ag^+$
• Do metals act as reducing agents or oxidising agents when they react with other substances?

  Reducing agents
• What is the rule for displacement of metals in the reactivity series?

  The higher the metals are in the reactivity is what will be discharged.
• When will hydrogen be displaced?

  When the reaction occurs with metals above hydrogen in the electrochemical series of metals.
• What are he the two types of displacement that occur with elements of the electrochemical series of metals?

  1. Displacement of metals
  2. Displacement of hydrogen
• What is the electrochemical

  1. Fluorine-$F^-$
  2. Sulfate-$SO_4^{2-}$
  3. Nitrate-$NO_3^-$
  4. Chlorine-$Cl^-$
  5. Bromine-$Br^-$
  6. Iodine-$I^-$
  7. Hydroxide-$OH^-$
• Do the non-metals act as oxidizing or reducing agents?

  Oxidising agents
• What is the rule for displacement of non-metals?

  A non-metal will displace a non-metal which is below it in the electrochemical series.
• What are electrical conductors?

  Substances which allow electricity to pass through.
• What are the non- conductors?

  Substances which do not allow an electric current to pass through
• What are some general, common of conductors?(6)

  1. Metals
  2. Graphite
  3. Molten ionic compounds
  4. Solutions of ionic compounds
  5. Aqueous acids
  6. Alkalis
• What are some common, general non-conductors?

  1. Non-metals
  2. Plastics
  3. Covalent Substances
  4. Solid ionic compounds
• What is an electrolyte ?

  A compound that forms ions when molten or in aqueous solution.
• What allows metallic conduction to occur?

  Mobile electrons
• What allows electrolytic conduction?

  Free movement of ions
• What is the difference between metallic conduction and electrolytic conduction?

  1. Mobile ions carry the electric current through the electrolyte
  2. Mobile electrons carry the electric current through the metal
  3. The metal remains chemically unchanged
  4. The electrolyte decompose
• What are strong electrolytes?

  substances that are fully ionised when dissolved in water
• What are weak electrolytes?

  Substances that are only partially ionised when dissolved in water.
• What are the common strong electrolyte groups?

  1. Strong alkalis
  2. Strong acids
  3. Soluble ionic compounds
• What are the common weak electrolyte groups?

  1. Weak acid
  2. Weak alkalis
• What is some examples of Strong electrolyte acids?

  1. Hydrochloric acid
  2. Nitric acid
  3. Sulfuric acid
• What is some examples of weak electrolyte acids?

  1. Carbonic acid
  2. Ethanoic acid
• What is some examples of Strong electrolyte alkalis?

  1. Sodium hydroxide
  2. Potassium hydroxide
• What is an example of weak electrolyte alkali?

  Aqueous ammonia
• What is some examples of Strong electrolyte salts ?

  1. Molten sodium chloride
  2. Sodium Chloride
  3. Molten potassium bromide
  4. Potassium bromode solution
• What is a non-electrolyte?

  A substance which remains as molecules when in the liquid state or dissolved in water.
• What are the key facts about pure water?

  1. Water undergoes spontaneous ionisation into $H^+$ ions and $OH^-$
  2. An extremely weak electrolyte
  3. 5.56 x 10 $^8$molecules are ionised at one time
  4. The concentration of $H^+$ and $OH^-$ ions in pure water is $1\ x\ 10^{-7}moldm^{-3}$