latin courses

• nominative present participle endings

  ns -> sg, ntes (ntia) -> pl
• genitive present participle endings

  ntis -> sg, ntium -> pl
• dative present participle endings

  nti -> sg, ntibus -> pl
• accusative present participle endings


  ntem (ns) -> sg, ntes (ntia) -> pl
• ablative present participle endings

  nti -> sg, ntibus -> pl
• what is an interrogative pronoun?

  replaces a noun -> m/f = subject, n = object

  nom -> who/what

  gen -> whose

  dat -> to/for what

  acc -> whom/what

  abl -> by/w/from whom
• what is an interrogative adjective?


  modifies a noun -> agrees in case, number and gender

  translates to which or what
• how can you tell what type of interrogative is being used?

  switch the words around, "what did the physician say about death -> the physician said what about death" -> pronoun, replacing what the physician said
• how to translate a participle latin -> english?

  figure out if it is modifying (adjective) or replacing (pronoun)

  add "ing" to the verb and place beside it's subject
• how to translate a participle english -> latin?

  is it modifying (adjective) or replacing (pronoun)

  find it's subject (i.e case)

  translate accordingly by the chart endings
• what is an accusative of time during?

  indicates a duration of time through the use of time nouns in the accusative case. no prepositionals
• types of ablatives?

  time-when, time-in which, accompaniment, means, manner, separation and agent
• what is an ablative of time-when/time-in which?

  indicates a certain time taking place in the sentence through the use of time nouns in the ablative case. no preps
• what is an ablative of accompaniment?

  the use of the ablative case to express accompaniment in an action. (object or person WITH the subject of the sentence). uses prepositional cum
• what is an ablative of means?

  the use of the ablative case on instrument nouns to indicate the usage of something. no preps
• what is an ablative of manner?

  use of the ablative case to describe in which manner something is done. uses prepositional cum
• what is an indefinited adjective or pronoun?

  looks like "-que" from the interrogative declension, translates to "each" in the singular and "all" in the plural
• what is the one difference (in the declensions) between adjective and pronouns indefinites?

  the neuter nominative singular is the only difference. for adjectives it is quodque and for pronouns it is quisque
• what is an intensive pronoun?

  used with another noun to place emphasis

  acts like an adjective -> agrees with antecedent

  meaning doesn't change if removed

  ipse, ipsa, ipsum
• what is a reflexive pronoun?

  relates back to the subject

  plays a part in the grammar

  if removed -> changes the meaning

  --, sui, sibi, se, se
• what is an intensive pronoun?

  used with another noun for emphasis

  the meaning doesn't change if removed

  translates as 'the very' or 'himself'

  latin declension -> ipse, ipsa, ipsum
• what is a reflexive pronoun?

  relates back to the subject

  it does change the meaning if removed

  translates as 'himself'

  latin declension -> --, sui, sibi, se, se
• what is the singular nominative of intensive pronouns?

  ipse, ipsa, ipsum
• what is the singular genitive of intensive pronouns?

  ipsius
• what is the singular dative of intensive pronouns?

  ipsi
• what is the singular accusative of intensive pronouns?

  ipsum, ipsam, ipsum
• what is the singular ablative of intensive pronouns?

  ipso, ipsa, ipso
• what is the plural nominative of intensive pronouns?

  ipsi, ipsae, ipsa
• what is the plural genitive of intensive pronouns?

  ipsorum, ipsarum, ipsorum
• what is the plural dative of intensive pronouns?

  ipsis
• what is the plural accusative of intensive pronouns?

  ipsos, ipsas, ipsa
• what is the plural ablative of intensive pronouns?


  ipsis
• what is a perfect infinitive?

  indirect verb happening before the main verb

  to build it: take the third principle part and add -sse

  translates to -> 'to __-ed'
• How to build indirect speech?

  Need a verb of saying/thinking

  Noun in the accusative -> becomes the subject

  Verb in the infinitive: present or perfect

  Indicated by '(verb)that' in english
• what are relative clauses?

  have their own grammar

  give additional information

  starts with relative pronoun, ends with verb
• what are relative pronouns?

  agree with number and gender of antecedent

  who, whose, whom, which, that, what
• what is a connected relative?

  uses a relative pronoun at the beginning of a sentence to refer to a subject in the previous sentence
• what is the subjunctive present for 1st conjugation active verbs?

  em, es, et, emus, etis, ent
• what is the subjunctive present for 2nd conjugation active verbs?

  am, as, at, amus, atis, ant
• what is the subjunctive present for 3rd conjugation active verbs?

  am, as, at, amus, atis, ant