Caesar and the Civil War

• What was the Roman Civil War in 49 BC similar to?

  A family fight
• In which century did Caesar's Campaigns in Gaul take place?

  1st century B.C.
• Steps that created tension and conflict leading to the Roman Civil War

  1️⃣ Political instability arises

  2️⃣ Social unrest grows

  3️⃣ Key figures emerge

  4️⃣ Power struggles intensify

  5️⃣ War breaks out
• Match the key powers of the Roman Senate with their descriptions:

  Managed public funds ↔️ Controlled state finances

  Directed military strategy ↔️ Led army campaigns

  Controlled magistrates ↔️ Supervised government officials

  Chaired legislative assemblies ↔️ Presided over lawmaking bodies
• Match the alliance with its benefits:

  Crassus ↔️ Shared wealth and power

  Pompey ↔️ Military cooperation and influence
• What did Caesar use to gain public support?

  Speeches and writings
• What were the years during which Caesar conducted his military campaigns in Gaul?

  58-52 BC
• Who turned against Julius Caesar during the conflict?

  Pompey
• Who was Caesar's main political rival who opposed him morally and intellectually?

  Cicero
• What group primarily controlled the Roman Senate?

  Wealthy patricians
• What was Julius Caesar's responsibility in triggering the Civil War in 49 BC?

  Significant responsibility
• Match Caesar's justifications with the Senate's concerns:

  Restoring Rights ↔️ Defiance of Authority

  Protecting Honor ↔️ Risk of Tyranny

  Defending Supporters ↔️ Threat to Republican Ideals
• Where did Caesar crush the final resistance in Gaul in 52 BC?

  Alesia
• Steps following Caesar's crossing of the Rubicon

  1️⃣ Caesar crosses the Rubicon

  2️⃣ Signals open rebellion

  3️⃣ Initiates swift military campaign
• What was the Senate's concern regarding Caesar's actions?

  Prevent autocratic rule
• What does the image of Caesar in victory after crossing the Rubicon symbolize?

  Defiance and determination
• What branch of the Roman Republic government included the Roman Senate?

  Legislative Branch
• What constitutional law did Caesar defy by crossing the Rubicon?

  Senate orders
• Match the key figures with their roles:

  Julius Caesar ↔️ Ambitious general

  Pompey ↔️ Caesar's rival

  Roman Senate ↔️ Powerful officials
• What republican ideal did the Senate fear Caesar's actions threatened?

  Centralized power
• What did the senators' opposition to Caesar lead to?

  Political tension
• The Roman Senate had no real power and was purely advisory.

  False
• What was Caesar's justification for crossing the Rubicon?

  Restore rights and legacy
• Chronological order of major milestones in Caesar's campaigns in Gaul

  1️⃣ 58 BC: Defeated Helvetii and German tribes

  2️⃣ 57 BC: Subjugated Belgic tribes

  3️⃣ 56 BC: Conquered coastal regions

  4️⃣ 52 BC: Crushed final resistance at Alesia
• What ideals did the Senate aim to maintain?

  Republican ideals
• What river did Caesar cross in 49 BC, marking the official start of the civil war against the Roman Senate?

  Rubicon
• What two reasons did Caesar give to justify his war?

  Rights and honor
• The Senate and Caesar shared the same perspective on his crossing of the Rubicon.

  False
• What specific right did the Senate deny Caesar, according to his justification?

  To run for consul
• Arrange Caesar's justifications and the Senate's concerns in pairs as they appear in the material:

  1️⃣ Restoring Rights - Defiance of Authority

  2️⃣ Protecting Honor - Risk of Tyranny

  3️⃣ Defending Supporters - Threat to Republican Ideals
• What were Caesar's justifications for his actions?

  Rights, honor, supporters
• Order the key powers of the Roman Senate from most to least influential.

  1️⃣ Directed military strategy

  2️⃣ Managed public funds

  3️⃣ Controlled magistrates

  4️⃣ Chaired legislative assemblies
• Who was Caesar's political rival who represented stiff opposition to his strategies?

  Cato