DNA

• DNA is made up of genetic material
• chromosomes come in pairs
• A gene is a small section of DNA
• each gene codes for a specific sequence of amino acids which make make a specific protein
• genome is a set of genetic material
• mRNA:

  • Proteins are made in the cytoplasm on structures called ribosomes
  • to make proteins, ribosomes use the code in DNA
  • DNA is too big to move out the nucleus to the ribosome
  • mRNA copies the code of DNA
  • The mRNA acts as a messenger between the DNA and Ribosome
  • The Correct amino acids are brought to the ribosomes in the correct order by carrier molecules
• when proteins are formed they fold over into a unique shape
• Enzymes act as biological catalysts to speed up chemical reactions in the body
• Hormones carry messages around the body
• structural proteins are physically strong
• Occasionally a gene may mutate
• a mutation is a random change in an organisms DNA, These can be inhereted
• the chances of mutation can increase the more radiation you're exposed to
• Mutations can change the protein that DNA codes for
• mutations have little to no effect on a protein
• sometimes mutations can effect the proteins functions
• Insertion mutation is when a new base is inserted into the DNA base sequence where it shouldn't be. this can change what the amino acids are coded for. this can have a knock on effect on more than one amino acid.
• Substitution mutations are when a random base in DNA is changed to another one
• Deletions mutations are when a random base is deleted from the DNA sequence. this can be a knock of effect