methods

• when was the emancipation edict?

  1861
• when was Alexander II assassinated?

  1881
• when did Alexander II change his policies to be more reactionary?

  1866
• when was the secret police changed to the Okhrana?

  1880
• when did bloody sunday happen?

  1905
• what was bloody sunday?

  protesters marched to st petersburg to make demands, army opened fire killing 200
• what was the february 1917 revolution?

  strikers gathered and marched, more than 200,000 marchers. army fires on protester, duma is ordered to be disbanded this is ignored
• how were petrograd soviets and the PG formed?

  strikers formed petrograd soviets and worked with duma to come up with plan for government feb 1917
• what were the july days in 1917?

  Protests and demonstrations by workers and soldiers in Petrograd

  demanding an end to the war and a transfer of power to the Soviets.
• when did the sailors rebel?

  feb 1921
• what happened to the cheka in 1922?

  The Cheka was reorganized and transformed into the GPU (State Political Directorate)
• when was the Hungarian uprising?

  1956
• when did lenin relax censorship and introduce reforms?

  1921
• Alexander II used okhrana in 1880
• Okhrana was used more during the rule of Alexander III
• 1865 Alexander II relaxed censorship
• PG stopped using okhrana
• lenin established cheka 1917
• cheka replaced with less brutal OGPU in 1924
• stalin introduced NKVD in 1934
• NKVD delt with opposition through show trials and purges
• Alexander III used troops to enforce Russification
• Nicholas II used army to control workers protests eg. bloody sunday 1905
• stalin tightened censorship in 1941
• Despie being a reformer, khurshchev used violence to put down hungarian upringing in 1956
• Reforms by Alexander II, Nicholas II, Lenin and Khrushchev were used to maintain power and reactionary methods used in times of extreme threat
• Reactionary methods used by Alexander III and Stalin to control the people
• what were the safeguarding laws under Alexander III?


  changed reforms set out by Alexander II, increased repression and limited power of the zemstvo
• 1936 constitution under Stalin introduced increasingly democratic reforms but at the same time Stalin was purging those who opposed him and were not loyal