Lesson 4: Psychology

• Psychology delves in the Physiological having to with an organism’s physical processes and the Cognitive having to do with an organism’s thinking.
• Psychology focus on the individual, cognitive functions and other possible factors that affect the individual.
• “SELF” is the “sense of personal identity and of who we are as individuals
• Identity is concept of an individual about himself and often referred to as “self-identity”
• “Self-identity” is the belief of what the individuals thinks and feels about him. And can also be influenced by how others perceive an individual
• Self-development is a continuous process throughout the lifespan; one’s sense of self may change, at least somewhat, throughout one’s life.
• Self-representation has important implications for socio-emotional functioning throughout the lifespan.
• William James was one of the earliest psychologists to study the self and conceptualized the self as having 2 aspects – the “I” and the “me”.
• “me” is the object pronoun, which means that it is used as the object of the verb.
• "I" is the response of an individual to the attitudes of others
• "Me" is the social self
• "I" is the response to the "Me."
• "me" is the organized set of attitudes of others which an individual assumes.
• “I” is the thinking, acting, feeling self.
• “me” is the physical characteristics as well psychological capabilities that makes who you are.
• I is the self in action
• Me is the self as an object in the world
• I is the self in process, in the moment
• I is the impulsive, spontaneous, and indeterminate part of the self
• I is non-reflective
• I is the part of the self that produces individuality
• Me is the structured and determinate part of the self
• Me is a product of interaction and conscious reflection
• We know the “I” only through the “me”
• William James said, “The greatest discovery of my generation is that human beings can alter their lives by altering their attitudes of the mind”.
• Attitudinal Change, according to William James means that with just a simple change of attitude anyone even you can change your life for better or for worse.
• According to Carl Rogers theory, the “I” as the one who acts and decides while the “me” is what you think or feel about yourself as an object.
• The I Self reflects what people see or perceive themselves doing in the physical world, in other words, the one who acts and decides.
• Me Self is a more subjective and psychological phenomenon, referring to individuals’ reflections about themselves, therefore, it is what you think or feel about yourself
• Self-schema is our organized system or collection of knowledge about who we are. It may also include our interests, work, course, age, name, and physical characteristics.
• As you grow and adapt to the changes around you, self-schema also changes
• Unconditional positive regard, sometimes referred to as “UPR”, is a term attributed to Carl Rogers, the creator of person-centered counseling and one of the founders of humanistic therapy.
• UPR refers to accepting and supporting another exactly as they are, without evaluating or judging them.
• Identity is composed of personal characteristics, social roles and responsibilities, as well as affiliations that define who one is.
• SELF-CONCEPT is how someone thinks about or perceives themselves. “the individual’s belief about himself or herself, including the person’s attributes and who and what the self is."
• Identity- concept of an individual about himself and often referred to as “self-identity” or the selfbelief of what the individuals thinks and feels about himself. And can also be influenced by how others perceive an individual
• Roles- are also part of his identity.
• The Self-concept includes two different experiences of the self: the existential self and the categorical self
• The existential self is the concept that you are unique/different from others (Persian poet RUMI pondered, “Who am I in the midst of all this thought traffic?”), Subjective (I).
• The Categorical self is the concept (and the concept of others) that tends to focus on his or her visible characteristics, Objective (ME).