concepts of ecology and demography

• ecology - study of distribution and abundance of living organisms and the interactions among organisms
• physical properties - the sum of local abiotic factors (non-living things) such as isolation or sunlight, climate, and geology
• biotic factors - other organisms that share their habitat (living things)
• human ecology - influence of the environment on human behavior and their adaptive strategies
• human ecology - enhance human potential (clothing, families, home, and communities)
• demography - study of all populations
• demography - study of size, structure, and distribution of populations (birth, death, migration, and aging)
• crude birth rate - annual number of live births per 1000 people (number of live birth per year/total population*100)
• general fertility rate - annual number of live births per 1000 women of child bearing age (15-49 yrs old) formula : number of live births per year/total female population of 15-49 y.o.*1000
• age specific fertility rates - number of resident live births to women in specific age group for a specified geographic area (formula: number of resident live births to women in a specific age group/number of women in the same age group x 100)
• crude death rate - annual number of death per 1000 people (formula: number of annual death/total population*1000)
• infant mortality rate - annual number of deaths of children less than 1 year old per 1000 live births (formula: no. of annual death of infants (less than 1 yr old)/no. of live births x 1000
• expectation of life (life expectancy) - numbers of years a person is expected to live from a specified starting point
• gross production rate - number of daughters who would be born to a woman completing her reproductive life at current age specific fertility rates
• net reproduction ratio - expected number of daughters per born prospective mother, who may or may not survive to and through the ages of child bearing
• case fatality rate - percentage of cases that result in death
• population - collection of people or organisms of a particular species
• survey - method of gathering any type of infomation
• census - the counting of data gathered from entire population
• processes that affects population change

  fertility

  mortality

  migration
• population growth - increase in a region's population
• biotic potential - maximum of reproductive capacity of a population under optimum environmental conditions
• biotic potential - inherent power of organisms to reproduce and survive
• biotic potential - species has its highest birth rate and lowest mortality rate
• population control - practice of curtailing population change, usually by producing the birth rate