English II

• Personification is a type of figure of speech that is constructed by attributing human characteristics to an inanimate object.
• Metaphor is a type of figure of speech generally used by taking about two very different kinds of things that have common links.
• Simile is a figure of speech that is somewhat similar to metaphor but are more direct in their meaning.
• Alliteration is a figure of speech that has similar sounding consonant (non-vowel letters) at the beginning of each word.
• Onomatopoeia are figures of speech that are words that look or sound like the sound they make in the world.
• Hyperbole is the most common figure of speech in English and is used at least once even if you are not a native language.
• Euphemism is a figure of speech used to replace stronger and harsher phrases.
• Irony is a figure of speech that expresses sarcasm.
• Anaphora is a figure of speech characterized by words, phrases, or clauses that repeat in consecutive sentences.
• Apostrophe is a figure of speech where a character, author, or speaker addresses an inanimate object or even a person that does not really exist in the given scenario.
• Paradox is a figure of speech that highlights something by talking about the exact opposite of it.
• Oxymoron is a figure of speech used to connect two opposite ideas simultaneously.
• Noun is a figure of speech used to name people, places, things, and idea/concepts.
• Common Nouns are used for classes of people, places, things, and idea/concepts.
• Proper Nouns are their given names, always with a capital letter.
• Adjectives are used to describe nouns and pronouns.
• Adverbs are used to modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs.
• Verbs express a physical action or state or mental action.
• Preposition shows relationships of words and phrases.
• Pronouns replace nouns and they prevent us from repeating the same noun in a sentence.
• Conjunctions join words, phrases, and clauses.
• Coordinating Conjunction is used to connect like words (e.g nouns + nouns).
• Correlative Conjunction is used to join alternative or equal elements.
• Subordinating Conjunction is used to join subordinate clauses to main clauses.
• Interjection shows strong connections or feelings.
• William Blake was an English engraver, artist, and author, known for his poem “My Last Duchess”, one of the best examples of dramatic monologue.
• Dramatic poetry tells a story and connects the passion or emotion of the characters to the audience or reader through spoken lines.
• Allegory is a literary device used to express the meaning of a greater, often abstract concept through an object or idea used in a literary work.
• Robert Browning is known for his poem “The Last Duchess”, written during the Victorian Period in England, the reign of Queen Victoria and the start of industrialization in Europe.
• Dramatic poetry is one of the earliest forms of literature, originating in Greece as part of a celebration dedicated to Dionysus, the god of wine and revelry.
• Vainglory or Pride is an excessive desire for one’s own self which rejects subjection of good.
• Christopher Marlowe had dominated the world of English drama in England during the Elizabethan Period, with his most notable play The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus, based on the German story “Faust”.
• A soliloquy is an utterance of a character that reveals his/her thoughts or emotions, derived from the Latin words solo which means “to himself” and loquor means “I speak”.
• Covetousness is the feeling of having a strong desire for the things that other people have.
• Dramatic poetry is a form where the writer speaks through a character in a poetic form, revealing the state of mind of the character during a critical moment in the play or poem.
• Gustatory imagery in literature aims at a reader’s sense of taste, often used to describe food as a character eats it.
• Anger is the inordinate and uncontrolled feeling of hatred and wrath.
• Lust is an inordinate desire for inordinate enjoyment of sexual pleasure.
• Imagery in literature helps the reader to visualize a literary text, creating mental images, and may elicit response from the different senses such as visual, olfactory, tactile, gustatory, or auditory.
• Envy is to feel resentful and unhappy because someone else possesses or has achieved what one wishes oneself to possess or to have.