Nutrition

• Nutrition is about action interaction, and balance, their relation to the health and disease
• Nutritional status refers to the condition of the body
• Adequate dietary intake is necessary for the maintenance of health
• Calories is the unit of measure that indicates amount of energy from food
• Nutrients is the substances that keep your body functioning
• 2 type of Major Nutrients: Macronutrients & Micronutrients
• Macronutrients contains carbohydrates, fat, proteins & water. Not toxic to cell and found in plants
• Micronutrients contains vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, also known as Trace minerals and toxic when exceed to needed amount
• Essential nutrients cannot be produced; a chemical that must be ingested
• Basic food groups is the food patterns to help a person and guide them in planning, selecting, and preparing meals
• Body building foods make the body grow, includes protein, iodine, iron and Vit. B
• Energy giving foods is rich in carbohydrates and fats
• Body regulating foods keep organs working and help in fighting common disease
• Carbohydrates is the body's main source of energy, provide dietary fiber, modulate the production of insulin and synthesis of lipoprotein and cholesterol
• Dietary fiber provides modulation of peristalis movement and prevents constipation
• 3 Major types in Dietary Carbohydrate: Starch Carbohydrate, Sugar, Fiber
• Starch/complex carbohydrate is healthy and made up of sugar molecules strung up together
• Monosaccharides is consists of glucose, fructose and galactose
• Disaccharides consists of sucrose, maltose and lactose and is used for energy or store (glycogen/lipids)
• Polysaccharide consists of starch, glycogen and cellulose and is used for energy or store
• Fiber is non-digestible and non-starch carbohydrates
• 2 types of fiber: Soluble & Insoluble
• Soluble fiber dissolves in water; slow the rate of food passage at small intestine (ex. oats, legumes, some fruit)
• Insoluble fiber increases fecal excretion, bulk in the GI tract and promotes GI motility, hastening gut contents movement
• Proteins is essential for growth and repair of body
• Dietary fiber deficient is a failure of growth & development in infant & loss of body tissues in adult
• 2 types of Protein-energy malnutrition: Marasmus & Kwasiorkor
• Marasmus or Caloric deprivation is a major problem, includes muscle wasting and no edema
• Kwashiorkor is a major problem (presence of small caloric deprivation), can cause MEALS - Malnutrition, Edema, Anemia, Liver, & skin lesions)
• Protein function: Protection - antibodies
• Protein function; Regulation - enzymes, hormones
• Protein function: Structure - collagen
• Protein function: Muscle contraction - actin & myosin
• Protein function: Transportation - hemoglobin
• Fats is concentrated form of food energy, helps absorb, transport and store soluble vitamins, needed for growth and healthy skin
• 2 types of Fat: Saturated & unsaturated
• Saturated fat is solid at room temperature, can cause high risk of heart diseases (ex. animal & tropical oils)
• Unsaturated fat is liquid at room temperature
• 2 types of unsaturated fat: Polyunsaturated & monounsaturated
• Polyunsaturated is necessary for body function (ex. vegetable and fish oils)