Globalisation and migration

• impact of migration:

  • population size
  • dependency ratio is lowered
  • family diversity
  • social policy
  • age structure
• new right view on population size

  • large population lead to large dependence
  • tradition being undermined
  • leads to diverse families
• functionalist view of population size

  • fills certain roles
  • jobs which are needed
  • too high leads to it being dysfunctional
• results of globalisation

  • industrial economy
  • men had little choice over their jobs
  • women benefitted more than women due to increase in choice
• how has globalisation caused the feminisation of migrants

  • expansion of service sector jobs
  • western women do less domestic labour and more paid work
  • until recently the state has failed to provide adequate childcare
• how has globalisation affected childhood

  • family size has decreased and there are more childless homes
  • more diverse families e.g. more ethnic families and more negotiated families
  • higher divorce rates
• reasons for emigration

  • push factors - unemployment and economic recession
  • pull factors - higher wages and better opportunities
• immigration

  • from 1900 until the Second World War, the largest immigrant group were the Irish, mainly for economic reasons, followed by Eastern and Central European Jews, who were often refugees fleeing persecution, and people of British descent from Canada and the USA
  • very few immigrants very non-white
  • during the 1950s, black immigrants from the Caribbean began to arrive in the UK, followed during the 1960s and 1970s by South Asian immigrants from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, and by East African Asians from Kenya and Uganda
• consequence of immigration

  • by 2011, ethnic minority groups accounted for 14% of the population, leading to a greater diversity of family patterns
  • resulting in greater diversity of family patterns
• impacts to age structure

  • immigration lowers the average age of the population both directly and indirectly
  • directly - immigrants are generally younger
  • indirectly - being younger immigrants are more fertile thus produce more babies
• globalisation

  • the barriers between societies are disappearing and people are becoming more interconnected
• differentiation

  • types of migrants
  • permanent settlers
  • temporary workers
  • spouses
  • forced migrants e.g. refugees
  • some may have legal entitlement whilst other enter without permission
• super diversity

  • since the 1990s, migrants now come from a much wider range of countries
  • even within a single ethnic group, individuals differ in terms of their legal status, culture, religion, and geographic dispersion throughout the UK
• the feminisation of migration

  • today, almost half of all global migrants are female
  • this leads to the 'globalisation of the gender division of labour', where female migrants find that they are fitted into patriarchal stereotypes about women's roles as carers or providers of sexual services
• reasons for the increasing demand for female migrant labour in western countries

  • Expansion of service occupations which traditionally employ women
  • Western women joining the labour force and being less willing or able to perform domestic labour
  • Western men remaining unwilling to perform domestic labour
  • Failure of the state to provide adequate childcare
• hybrid identities

  • developing identities made up of two or more different sources
  • e.g. eminem is a white working class rapper but raps to hip hop which is associated with black culture