religion

• What was the Test Act passed in 1673 about?

  It required denial of Catholic doctrine.
• When was the Declaration of Indulgence issued?

  In 1672
• What was the purpose of the Declaration of Indulgence?

  To extend toleration to Catholics and dissenters.
• What does the term "Popish" refer to?

  Fear of Catholicism.
• What was the Exclusion Crisis about?

  Debate over James's succession to the throne.
• What were the two parties that emerged in the 1670s?

  Court and country politics.
• Where did the religious problems during Charles II's reign originate?

  From conflicts of the English Civil War.
• What was Charles II and Clarendon's hope for the Church in 1660?

  To re-establish the Church of England as national.
• How did Charles II's secret Catholic sympathies affect his reign?

  It created tensions with Parliament and the public.
• What was the impact of the Restoration Settlement on the Church of England?

  It reinforced Anglicanism's dominant position.
• What was the Clarendon Code?

  A series of laws enforcing religious conformity.
• What did the Act of Uniformity (1662) require from clergy?

  Acceptance of the Book of Common Prayer.
• What was the purpose of the Corporation Act (1661) and the Test Act (1673)?

  To exclude Catholics and dissenters from office.
• What was the outcome of Charles II's Declaration of Indulgence?

  It led to fierce opposition and backlash.
• How did the repression of dissenters impact English society?

  It deepened religious divisions and conflicts.
• What was millenarianism during Charles II's reign?

  A belief in a coming golden age.
• How did the government respond to millenarianism?

  It was largely suppressed during the Restoration.
• What laws were enforced to control religious extremism?

  The Habeas Corpus Act and Conventicle Act.
• What was the impact of the Clarendon Code on dissenters?

  It imposed penalties on non-Anglican practices.
• What was the significance of the Exclusion Crisis (1679-1681)?

  It focused on James's potential succession.
• How did Charles II's attempts at religious toleration ultimately fail?

  They alienated Protestant dissenters and created divisions.
• What were the main religious policies introduced during the Restoration Settlement?

  • Act of Uniformity (1662): Required acceptance of the Book of Common Prayer.
  • Clarendon Code (1661-1665): Enforced religious conformity.
  • Corporation Act (1661) and Test Act (1673): Excluded Catholics and dissenters from office.
  • Declaration of Indulgence (1672): Attempted to extend toleration but faced backlash.
• What were the long-term impacts of the religious tensions during Charles II's reign?

  • Deepening of religious divisions in England.
  • Political conflicts and protests.
  • Contribution to the Exclusion Crisis and Glorious Revolution.
• What was Charles II's outward religious affiliation?

  Anglican
• Why did Charles II maintain an Anglican identity?

  To maintain political stability
• When did Charles II secretly convert to Catholicism?

  On his deathbed in 1685
• What influenced Charles II's conversion to Catholicism?

  His long-standing Catholic leanings and French connections
• What was the aim of the Restoration Settlement (1660–1665)?

  • Re-establish the Church of England as the national Church
  • Exclude radical Puritans and Catholics
• What was the purpose of the Corporation Act (1661)?

  Excluded non-Anglicans from municipal office
• What did the Act of Uniformity (1662) require?

  Use of the Book of Common Prayer
• What was the outcome of the Act of Uniformity (1662)?

  About 1,800 ministers were ejected
• What did the Conventicle Act (1664) ban?

  Religious meetings of more than 5 people outside the Church
• What did the Five Mile Act (1665) enforce?

  Barred nonconformist ministers from certain areas
• What was the impact of the Clarendon Code?

  • Repression of Puritan dissenters (nonconformists)
  • Reinforcement of Anglican orthodoxy
• What changes occurred in the Church of England after the Restoration?

  • Episcopacy restored with bishops returning
  • Anglican hierarchy reinstated
  • More rigid than pre-1640 to stamp out dissent
• What was the Declaration of Indulgence (1672)?

  Suspended penal laws against Catholics and dissenters
• What was the Parliamentary reaction to the Declaration of Indulgence?

  It was seen as an overreach of royal power
• What did the Test Act (1673) require from public officials?

  To take Anglican communion and deny transubstantiation
• What was a significant consequence of the Test Act (1673)?

  Resignations of Catholic officials, including James
• What was the Popish Plot (1678)?

  A fabricated plot claiming Catholics aimed to kill Charles