Serial Dilution

• What is the ability of a test to detect very small amounts of a substance?

  Analytical Sensitivity
• What is the ability of a test to give a positive result if a patient has the disease? No false positive

  Clinical Sensitivity
• What refers to the antibody's greatest affinity for a particular antigen?

  Specificity
• What is the ability of a test to detect substance without interference from cross-reacting substances?

  Analytical Specificity
• What is the ability of a test to give a negative result if a patient does not have a disease? No false positive result

  Clinical Specificity
• What refers to the strength of binding between a single antigenic determinant and an individual antibody combining site?

  Affinity
• It is the equilibrium constant that describes the Ag-Ab reaction?

  Affinity
• What measures the overall strength of binding of antigen with many antigenic determinants and multivalent antibodies?

  Avidity
• What are the factors that influence avidity?

  Antibody and Valence of Antigen
• It is more than the sum of the individual affinities?

  Avidity
• This is estimating the antibody by determining the greatest degree to which serum may be diluted without losing the power?

  Dilution
• This is the development of detectable specific antibodies to microorganisms in the blood serum as a result of infection or immunization?

  seroconversion
• This is when the tests can no longer detect antibodies or antigens in a patient’s serum?

  seroreversion
• This initial contact takes place within milliseconds, is electrolyte independent, and in the classical sense, invisible?

  primary reaction
• These are the visible outcomes or manifestations arising from such antigen-antibody complexes, which aggregate and from large visible lattices.
• This reaction includes the in vivo biological antibody reactivity?

  Tertiary Reaction
• This is a type of serological reaction between a soluble antigen and its corresponding antibody?

  Precipitation or Immunoprecipitation
• Maximum precipitation occurs when the concentrations of the antigen and antibody are about equal?

  Zone of Equivalence
• Occurs when excess amount of antibody is present, and the antigen and antibody do not combine to form precipitates?

  Prozone
• Occurs when excess amount of antigen is present, and the antigen and antibody do not combine to form precipitates?

  Postzone
• A precipitation test where there is SINGLE DIFFUSION and SINGLE DIMENSION? It is a semi quantitative test and the end product is a precipitin line

  Oudin Test
• This precipitation test is SINGLE DIFFUSION and DOUBLE DIMENSION?

  Radial Immunodiffusion
• This precipitation test uses DOUBLE DIFFUSION and DOUBLE DIMENSION?

  Ouchterlony Test
• This a test where both antigen and antibody are moving?

  Ouchterlony Technique
• This an example of a 1st generation test for HBsAg?

  Ouchterlony Technique
• a pattern of ouchterlony technique that indicates identity?


  curve
• a pattern of ouchterlony technique that indicates partial identity?

  Spur formation
• a pattern of ouchterlony technique that indicates non-identity?

  Cross intersect
• What technique refers to the measurement of light transmittance through a suspension of particles?

  Turbidimetry
• What method refers to the direct measure of light scattered by particles suspensded in a solution?

  Nephelometry
• Between nephelometry and turbidity, what is more sensitive?

  Nephelometry
• Uses a known antiserum to identify unknown antigens intrinsic in clinical samples or from unknown suspension of microorganism?

  Direct agglutination
• A type of agglutination test that is generally intended to detect antibodies in a person’s serum with the use of a known antigen?

  Indirect Agglutination or Passive Agglutination
• Is a type of agglutination wherein the antibody, rather than the antigen, is covalently linked to a carrier particle and mixed with a patient’s serum in order to detect the presence of the unknown antigens or other immune factor?

  Reverse passive agglutination
• What kind of agglutination is applied in pregnancy test?

  Agglutination inhibition
• It is a modified type of agglutination reaction that is highly sensitive for identifying small amounts of antigens in a patient’s sample?

  Agglutination inhibition
• What are the two component of a complement fixation test?

  1. Patient serum reacted with a known antigen and complement
  2. Indicator system
• Positive reaction for complement fixation?

  No RBC lysis
• What is the negative reaction for complement fixation test?

  Presence of hemolysis
• Is a classical method of detecting antigen-specific antibodies?

  Complement Fixation