Hypersensitivity

• It is defined as a normal but exaggerated or uncontrolled response of the immune system to an antigen?

  Hypersensitivity
• What is the homologous term used for hypersensitivity?

  Allergy
• What is usually or traditionally used to classify hypersensitivity reactions?

  Basis of time
• What is the mediator is involved in the immediate hypersensitivity?

  Antibodies
• What is the mediator involved in delayed hyper sensitivity?

  Cell mediated or T cells
• What is the related term to hypersensitivity that refers to the immediate hypersensitivity mediated by IgE antibodies?

  Atopy
• When was IgE discovered?

  1967
• What is the most significant antibody when talking about Hypersensitivity?

  IgE
• Why is IgE the most significant antibody when describing hypersensitivity?

  Because of its Specificity
• How many types of hypersensitivity are there?

  4 types
• What are the types of hypersensitivity that are antibody dependent?

  Type I, Type II, and Type III hypersensitivity.
• What is the type of hypersensitivity that is cell mediated?

  Type IV hypersensitivity
• What do you call the antigens that trigger formation of IgE molecules?

  Atopic antigens or Allergens
• What is the immunoglobulin involved in Type I hypersensitivity?

  IgE
• What is the distinguishing feature of a Type I hypersensitivity?

  Short time lag and IgE
• What is the test used for testing Type I hypersensitivity?

  Skin Puncture Test (SPT) or Skin Prick Test
• What is the positive reaction for an SPT?

  Skin appears red, and itchy
• What test for hypersensitivity type I uses radiolabelled IgE?

  Radio Immunosorbent Test (RIST)
• What test for hypersensitivity 1 is the original commercial testing method?

  Radio Allergosorbent Test (RAST)
• What test for Hypersensitivity type 1 uses enzymes and fluorescent labels?

  Radio Allergosorbent Test (RAST)
• What does RIST measure?

  Total IgE
• What does RAST measure?

  Antigen specific IgE
• What immunoglobulins are involved in type II hypersensitivity?

  IgG and IgM
• Transfusion related reactions are usually related to this type of hypersensitivity?

  Type II hypersensitivity
• What kind of antigens are usually involved in type II hypersensitivity?

  Heteroantigens
• What test is also known as the antiglobulin test?

  Coombs test
• Who and when was Coombs test discovered?

  Who: Coombs, Mourant and Race

  When: 1945
• What is the reagent used for Coombs test?

  Anti-human globulin (AHG)
• What is detected when using the Direct Coombs test?

  IgG or C3
• What test is done on new born's blood sample that usually has a setting of jaundice?

  DAT
• What are two common types that causes antibody-mediated hemolysis in new borns?

  Rh incompatibility and ABO incompatibility
• What is detected in Indirect Coombs test?

  Free-flowing antibodies
• What is Indirect Coombs test usually refered to as?

  Antibody screening
• What is the other name for Indirect Coombs Test?

  Indirect Antiglobulin Test (IAT)
• What is the positive reaction for both direct and indirect Coombs Test?

  Agglutination
• What is the difference between Type II hypersensitivity and Type III hypersensitivity?

  Type II: Antibody Mediated

  Type III: Complement mediated
• What are the immunoglobulins involved in Type III hypersensitivity?

  IgG and IgM
• In type III hypersensitivity, compared to type II antigens are what kind here?

  Soluble
• In disease such as SLE and rheumatoid arthritis, what test is used to detect Type III hypersensitivity?

  Agglutination reactions and Enzyme Assays
• What test is used for tyoe III hypersensitivity that determines the deposition of immune complexes in the tissues to to assesses its severity?

  Fluorescent Staining