Subdecks (1)

Cards (17)

  • The behaviourist approach proposes that all behaviour is learned - and therefore it should be possible to unlearn behaviour using the same principles.
  • Behaviour modification programmes reinforce obedient behaviour whilst punishing disobedience.
  • A token economy is bases on operant conditioning - desirable inmate behaviours are rewarded (reinforced) with tokens. Desirable behaviours might include avoiding confrontation, being quiet in the cell, following rules.
    Tokens may also be removed = punishment.
  • Tokens are not rewarding in themselves but rewarding because they can be exchanged for something desirable (primary reinforcer).
  • Primary reinforcers = a phone call to a loved one, time in the gym, extra cigarettes or food.
  • Target behaviours are operationalised by breaking them down into components parts e.g. 'interaction with other prisoners' may be broken down into 'speaking politely to others', 'not touching others, etc.
  • Each 'unit' of behaviour should be objective and measurable and agreed with staff and prisoners in advance.
  • Staff and prisoners should be made aware of how much each behaviour is worth in terms of tokens.
  • Behaviours are hierarchical, some are more demanding than others.
  • Tokens may be awarded directly or points may be awarded and converted to tokens.
  • Reinforcements should outnumber punishments by a ratio of 4:1 (Gendreau).
  • Prison staff receive full training.
    The aim is to standardise procedures - so all prison staff reward the same behaviours. Keep record of what tokens awarded so progress of individual prisoners can be assessed.