SAS 26

• Before administering the inhaler, it is important to connect a device to the inhaler to help decrease the patient from developing asthma.
• An incentive spirometer is used to help patients with breathing difficulties.
• A spacer is used to help patients with breathing difficulties.
• A peak flow meter is used to monitor asthma symptoms.
• Common respiratory disorders in children include acute and chronic conditions such as bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and asthma.
• Bronchitis is an inflammation of the major bronchi and trachea, often caused by viruses such as the influenza virus, adenovirus, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
• For the next session, review Chapter 41: Nursing Care of a Family When a Child Has a Cardiovascular Disorder p. 1124.
• The student will hold up their card with the corresponding answer to the instructor's question.
• The instructor will give a response card and explain the choices included with the card.
• The instructor will ask a question to the class regarding information just covered in the lesson.
• Bronchiolitis is an inflammation and edema of the fine bronchioles and small bronchi, usually due to a viral illness, such as the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV).
• The nursing diagnosis that would be most appropriate for a child with pneumonia during the acute phase of illness is Excess fluid volume related to excessive mucus production.
• A patient with asthma is prescribed to take inhaled Salmeterol and Fluticasone for long-term management of asthma.
• To help meet the nutritional needs of a child with pneumonia, you would encourage intake of three large meals daily.
• Her parents are extremely distraught over her condition and the fact she has not wanted to eat anything for the past 2 days.
• The nursing approach that would be most important to take to help alleviate the high anxiety level of these parents is to allow them to remain with the child as much as possible.
• A 4-year-old girl has been admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia.
• The correct order in how to take these medications is to inhale the Salmeterol first and then wait 5 minutes before inhaling the Fluticasone.
• The inhaler that contains the medication Budesonide is used by the patient.
• The medication that provides the patient with the fastest relief from signs and symptoms of an asthma attack is Albuterol.
• Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the respiratory track and is the most common chronic illness in children.
• Asthma primarily affects the small airways and is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and airway obstruction.
• The mechanism of disease in asthma involves inflammation, which primarily affects the small airways.
• Risk factors for asthma include genetics, environmental exposures, allergens, stress, and pollution.
• Children with atelectasis are prone to secondary infection.
• Atelectasis is the collapse of lung alveoli, which may be a primary or secondary condition.
• Mycoplasmal organisms are generally sensitive to erythromycin or tetracycline.
• A semi-Fowler’s position generally allows for the best lung expansion because it lowers abdominal contents and increases chest space.
• During the initial 24 to 48 hours of infection, children may have blood-tinged sputum that transitions to a thick, purulent sputum.
• Causes of atelectasis may include residual air in the alveoli being absorbed, causing the alveoli to collapse, or foreign object aspiration, pressure on lung tissue from outside forces, such as compression from a diaphragmatic hernia, scoliosis, or enlarged thoracic lymph nodes.
• The chest of a child with atelectasis should be kept free from pressure for optimal lung expansion.
• Atelectasis caused by inspiration of a foreign object will not be relieved until the object is removed by bronchoscopy.
• Primary atelectasis is seen in preterm newborns with limited surfactant and poor respiratory strength or mucus or meconium plugs in the trachea.
• Symptoms of primary atelectasis include respirations becoming irregular, nasal flaring, apnea, and grunting may also be tiring to the newborn, resulting in hypoxemia, hypotonicity, and flaccidity.
• Secondary atelectasis often occurs from a respiratory tract obstruction that prevents air from entering a portion of the alveoli.
• Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia is often contracted from contact with the mother’s vagina during birth.
• Symptoms of secondary atelectasis include asymmetry of the chest, diminished breath sounds on the affected side, tachypnea, and cyanosis.
• Atelectasis caused by a mucus plug will resolve when the plug clears up.
• In infants, the infection tends to be bronchopneumonia with poor consolidation.
• In older children, pneumonia often localizes in a single lobe with full consolidation.