SAS 28

• Common types of cardiovascular disorders that occur in children include congenital heart disorders, cardiomyopathy, and rheumatic heart disease.
• Nursing care of a family when a child has a cardiovascular disorder involves understanding the common types of cardiovascular disorders, formulating a nursing care plan, and providing quality maternal and child health nursing care.
• Students are done with the session when they mark it in the tracker.
• The tracker is a visual to help students track their progress.
• Students can write the correct answer and additional ratio in the space provided.
• The instructor will rationalize the answers to the students during the face to face interaction.
• Students can ask questions and debate among themselves during the face to face interaction.
• Students can mark the session they have finished today in the tracker.
• Kawasaki disease is an acute febrile syndrome associated with generalized vasculitis affecting all blood vessels throughout the body, including the coronary arteries.
• Feedback from students will be responded to during the next class meeting or as soon as possible.
• The question(s) asked as we end this session are...
• The most useful or meaningful thing learned in this session was...
• Your instructor will collect or pass your responses before you leave.
• The next session will review Chapter 46: Nursing Care of a Family when a Child Has a Renal or Urinary Tract Disorder-Structural Abnormalities of the Urinary Tract p.1300, Infections of the Urinary System and Related Disorders p.1303, Disorders Affecting Normal Urinary Elimination p.1306.
• Kawasaki disease is more common among Americans of Asian or Pacific Island descent and is a diagnosis of exclusion as there is no imaging or laboratory test that can diagnose it.
• Kawasaki disease can be divided into an acute phase (week 1) and subacute phase (weeks 2 and 3).
• Rheumatic fever is an autoimmune disease that occurs as a reaction to a group A β -hemolytic streptococcal infection, specifically, a pharyngitis.
• Inflammation from the immune response leads to inflammatory lesions being found in the heart, blood vessels, brain, and joints.
• Rheumatic fever occurs most often in children 6 to 15 years of age, with a peak incidence at 8 years.
• Approximately 10 days after recovery from the pharyngitis, the autoimmune response begins, lasts many weeks and gradually damages the left heart valves.
• Family discharge teaching has been effective when the parent of a toddler diagnosed with Kawasaki disease (KD) states: “I will give her diphenhydramine (Benadryl) for her peeling palms and soles of her feet”.
• A child develops carditis from rheumatic fever.
• The nurse expects to assess palpable mass in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen, warm and swollen knees and elbows in a child with rheumatic fever.
• A child has been diagnosed with Kawasaki disease.
• Aspirin has been ordered for the child with rheumatic fever (RF) in order to treat ventricular hypertrophy of endocarditis.
• ANSWER: ________ RATIO:___________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________
• A 7-year-old child has been diagnosed with rheumatic fever.
• The areas of the heart affected by carditis are the coronary arteries, heart muscle and the mitral valve.
• The nursing care plan for a toddler diagnosed with Kawasaki Disease (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome) should be based on the high risk for development of chronic arthritis.
• The signs and symptoms of Kawasaki disease include reddened and crusty eyes, vertigo, purpural rash over torso, and diarrhea.
• The signs and symptoms of rheumatic fever are divided into major and minor symptoms according to the Jones criteria which were recently revised in 2015.
• To have a diagnosis of rheumatic fever, children must have two major manifestations or one major and two minor manifestations documented.
• Physical examination reveals an uncomfortable child, typically with a pericardial friction rub.
• Infective endocarditis in children is rare but may be increasing due to the increased survival of children with congenital heart disease.
• Diagnosis of pericarditis may begin with a 12-lead ECG and CXR.
• Assessment of infective pericarditis includes high-spiking fevers and is characterized by a severely ill and toxic appearance.
• Infective pericarditis is an inflammation and infection of the endocardium or valves of the heart.
• The infection in infective endocarditis is generally caused by Streptococcus viridans and Staphylococcus aureus, although fungal organisms have also been noted.
• Symptoms of congestive heart failure (CHF) may be present in infective pericarditis.
• Treatment of infective endocarditis is aimed at the underlying bacterial infection.