Week 1

• What is the first step in the NCSBN Clinical Judgment Model?

  Recognize Cues
• What does recognizing cues involve?

  Identifying relevant information from various sources
• Why is it important to analyze cues in the NCSBN Clinical Judgment Model?

  To link cues to the client’s clinical presentation
• What is the purpose of prioritizing hypotheses?

  To evaluate and rank conditions by priority
• What should be considered when generating solutions in the NCSBN model?

  Identifying expected outcomes and interventions
• What is the next step after generating solutions?

  Take Action
• What does evaluating outcomes involve?

  Comparing observed outcomes against expected outcomes
• What are the steps in the Nursing Process?

  • Assessment
  • Analysis
  • Planning
  • Implementation
  • Evaluation
• How does the WHO define health?

  A state of complete well-being
• How is disease viewed according to Larsen?

  From a pathophysiological model
• What does illness refer to according to Larsen?

  The human experience of symptoms and suffering
• Why must nursing practice be informed by both disease and illness experience?

  To provide holistic patient care
• What are the characteristics of acute disease?

  • Usually self-limiting
  • Complications infrequent
  • Return to baseline
  • Signs and symptoms described in stages
• What are the characteristics of chronic disease?

  • Permanent impairments or deviations
  • Irreversible pathological changes
  • Residual disability
  • Special rehabilitation required
• What is co-morbidity?

  Two or more disorders occurring simultaneously
• What is multimorbidity associated with?

  Decreasing quality of life and polypharmacy
• What does 'acute on chronic' refer to?

  Acute conditions occurring in chronic illness
• What are the top four risk factors for chronic illness?

  Not specified in the material
• What is the best way to deal with chronic illness?

  Prevention of chronic illness
• What are strategies for living with chronic illness?

  • Normalizing: Concealing to appear "normal"
  • Covering: Acknowledging condition while reducing anxiety
• What is fatigue in chronic illness?

  A subjective symptom interfering with function
• How does chronic illness affect caregivers?

  It creates a caregiver burden over time
• What are health disparities?

  Differences in disease burden between groups
• What factors contribute to health disparities?

  Indigenous identity, low SES, racism
• What are health inequalities?

  Differences in health status between groups
• What is health-related hardiness (HRH)?

  A personality resource that buffers stress
• How is wellbeing defined?

  Presence of the highest possible quality of life
• What is quality of life (QOL)?

  Subjective evaluations of life aspects
• What influences quality of life?

  Financial status, employment, social support
• What is health-related quality of life (HRQOL)?

  Focus on health's influence on overall quality
• How can QOL be incorporated into treatment?

  By focusing on client-centered care
• What is often measured to assess a country's performance?

  GDP
• What does GDP fail to capture?

  Education, health, and relationships
• What does effective communication in chronic illness care involve?

  • Open and honest communication
  • Ongoing and early conversations
  • Balancing hope and reality
• What are barriers to effective communication during difficult conversations?

  HCP discomfort and client reluctance
• What do compliance, adherence, and self-care represent?

  Levels of patient response to healthcare recommendations
• What does self-management optimize for chronic illness patients?

  Health outcomes
• How can client-centered care be applied in practice?

  • Focus on individual needs and preferences
  • Involve clients in decision-making
  • Tailor interventions to client goals