Lab 1 - 6

• The scientific method is a series of steps to generate new knowledge from a tried and test method
• The five steps of the scientific method are:

  1. Asking questions
  2. Formulating a hypothesis
  3. Making predictions
  4. Testing the hypothesis
  5. Analyzing the results to reach conclusions
• What do we do after the last step of the scientific method?

  Repeat and revise experiments or hypothesis
• An observation is something you see in particular about a certain subject
• Objective data is data that can be measured with no personal bias or opinions. Subjective data is data that’s subjected to someone’s perspective, so bias interferes.
• A hypothesis is a proposed explanation and possible answer to your question.
• Deduction is the process of systematically eliminating possibilities and supporting others
• Predictions are possible consequences of the hypothesis proposed.
• In observational studies, the researcher collects data without manipulating the system.
• In an experiment, the researcher manipulates the system to achieve a response.
• A cause and effect relationship is the relationship between what’s being manipulated versus the consequence of that.
• The dependent variable is measured after the experiment has manipulated the test conditions. The independent variable is the experimental condition, which the researcher manipulates to generate a response.
• Procedures are step-by-step sequences of actions performed during the experiment which involves the manipulation of the independent variable and the response of the dependent variable.
• A treatment is the set manipulation applied to the independent variable
• The experimental group responds to the independent variable, while the control group doesn’t receive the treatment.
• Data is analyzed to reject/support the hypothesis and reach a conclusion.
• Continuous variables are measured quantitatively using a logical order of numbers.
• Discrete variables are measured quantitatively and use categories or an unordered set of numbers
• The greater the sample size, the more accurate the results.
• Tables are used to collect raw data to summarize. They consist of the name, number, title, column heading, and body
• What features are included in tables?

  name, number, title, column heading, body
• Graphs are diagrams that represent data in an organized manner.
• What features are included in graphs?

  name, number, title, y-axis label, x-axis label, body
• Line graphs show the relationship between variables in an experiment
• Bar graphs are used to compare data and identify trends.
• Energy is the fuel needed for our bodies to move. The most common form is ATP.
• Cellular respiration is the way our cells turn food into ATP
• Cellular oxygen demand is the amount of oxygen required to complete cellular respiration
• Bacteria are microscopic, single-celled prokaryotic organisms which live in various habitats
• How can pathogenic bacteria be controlled?

  antibiotics, disinfectants, antiseptics, essential oils
• Antibiotics are chemicals that kill and inhibit the growth of bacteria within the body
• Disinfectants are substances the kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria or fungi on non-living surfaces
• Antiseptics are chemicals used to kill bacteria on living tissues
• Essential oils are concentrated aromatic chemicals extracted from plants with antibacterial agents
• Who discovered the first antibiotic?

  Alexander Fleming
• To inoculate is to spread the bacterial culture all over the agar in the petri dish
• The DISC diffusion method is a way of testing the effectiveness of various antibacterial agents against specific pathogenic disease
• The zone of inhibition is the area around the paper disc where no bacteria is growing. It shows us the effectiveness of an agent.
• Biological macromolecules are the building blocks of life that perform necessary functions
• What are the four major classes of biological macromolecules?

  carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, proteins