Good and Evil

• What is relative morality?

  When the rightness/wrongness of an action depends on the situation
• What is evil for Christians?

  Evil are actions that go against God’s will e.g. disregarding agape love. Humans are born ’sinful‘
• What is absolute morality?

  When an action is always right/wrong, regardless of the situation
• The Qur’an is… 


  The literal word of Allah revealed to Prophet Muhammad
• How does The Bible guide Christian morality?

  Contains laws, e.g. 10 commandments
• Fitrah is…

  An inner sense of right and wrong
• How did Jesus guide Christian morality?

  He preached agape love- love your enemies
• What is evil for Muslims?

  Evil results from Shaytan’s temptations
• What is the conscience?

  The “small, still voice of God”
• The Problem of Evil is…

  “If God is so omniscient and omnibenevolent, why does evil and suffering exist?” - Epicurus
• What are the three virtues that guide Christian morality?

  Faith, hope and charity
• How does the theodicy of Job explain why we suffer?

  God’s wisdom is beyond us - when we suffer we should accept that it happens for a good reason that we cannot understand
• How does the theodicy of Adam & Eve explain why we suffer?

  Adam and Eve are from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil and caused sin and suffering
• What is a deterrent?

  To discourage people from committing crimes e.g. death penalty
• How does the ‘soul making’ theodicy explain why we suffer?

  Evil helps develop our souls to become worthy of heaven (Irenaeus)
• What is protection?

  To protect society from people committing crimes
• How does Al Qadr explain why we suffer?

  Al-Qadr= Allah‘s divine plan (“most-wise”)
• What are 3 things prison chaplains do?

  Provide pastoral care, counselling, education, perform religious services, conduct Bible studies
• What are 3 causes of crime?

  Social, financial, personal
• What is reform?

  To improve a criminal‘s moral character (e.g. counselling, education)
• State a teaching for reform

  “Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you“
• What is retribution?

  Revenge on behalf of the victim
• State a teaching for retribution

  “Eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth, life for a life”
• State a teaching for protection

  “Protect the ummah”
• State a teaching for deterrent

  “Let harm be met by equal harm”
• Why might a Christian be against the death penalty?

  “Forgive not seven times, but seventy times seven!”
• Why might a Muslim be in favour for the death penalty?

  To “protect the ummah” as long as there is a “just cause”
• Why might a Muslim be against the death penalty?

  “Allah is most-merciful“ 99 names
• What is meant by good?

  Actions that are morally right
• How did Jesus show forgiveness?

  Jesus forgave us “Forgive them Father” - inspired Gee Walker
• What is meant by evil?

  Actions that are morally wrong
• How does Allah model forgiveness?

  Allah set the perfect example. Most-merciful 99 names
• What is meant by sin?

  A deliberate wrong that violates a religious law
• How did Prophet Muhammad demonstrate forgiveness?

  Prophet Muhammad forgave the man who murdered his uncle in the Battle of Uhud
• What is meant by suffering?

  Pain or distress caused by injury, illness or loss
• What is meant by morality?

  Standards that determine right from wrong
• What is meant by justice?

  Where people are treated fairly and equally in society
• What is meant by free will?

  To make decisions freely
• What is meant by punishment?

  A penalty given to someone for a crime or wrong they have done
• What is meant by forgiveness?

  To give up the desire for revenge