Unit 3

• Material Culture


  Physical items that people have created for use in specific cultures
• Nonmaterial Cultures


  Non physical things produced by intellectual or spiritual development - stories, mythology
• Cultural diffusion 


  The spread of material and nonmaterial forms of culture from one social group to another
• Ideology


  A set of ideas that support the needs and views of a group
• Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis


  The assertion that language helps shape reality for those experiencing it
• Folk ways


  Informal norms based on accepted traditions
• Mores


  Institutionalized norms embedded in laws to help maintain social control
• Taboos


  Mores that are considered wrong in and of themselves
• Prescriptive norms 


  Rules concerning behaviors we are expected to preform
• Proscriptive norms


  Rules concerning behaviors we are expected to refrain from doing
• Emblems


  Gestures with direct verbal equivalents
• Ideal culture 


  Cultural values a majority of people identify with in a given society
• Real culture


  Practices engaged by the majority of people in a given society
• Cultural relativism 


  An ability to understand another culture in its own terms so that the culture is a coherent design foe living
• Ethnocentrism


  The tendency to believe that your own cultural beliefs are superior and should be used as the standards that other cultures are compared to
• Subculture 


  A group that can be differentiated from mainstream culture by its divergent trait involving languages, norms, beliefs, and values
• Counter Culture


  A type of culture that strongly opposes the cultural aspects of mainstream culture
• Symbol


  An object, image, or event used to represent a concept
• Cultural Omnivore 


  Someone who consumes elements of both popularand high culture
• Collective Co-science 


  According to Durkheim, a recurring pattern bywhich people respect norms and follow them, because they haveinternalized them through early socialization practices
• Cultural universals 


  Common practices shared by all societies
• Stratus Symbol


  Material indicators of wealth and prestige
• Social Facts 


  Observable social phenomena external toindividuals that exercise power over them
• Hight Cultures


  Activities shared by the social elite