Physical items that people have created for use in specific cultures
Nonmaterial Cultures
Non physical things produced by intellectual or spiritual development - stories, mythology
Cultural diffusion
The spread of material and nonmaterial forms of culture from one social group to another
Ideology
A set of ideas that support the needs and views of a group
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
The assertion that language helps shape reality for those experiencing it
Folk ways
Informal norms based on accepted traditions
Mores
Institutionalized norms embedded in laws to help maintain social control
Taboos
Mores that are considered wrong in and of themselves
Prescriptive norms
Rules concerning behaviors we are expected to preform
Proscriptive norms
Rules concerning behaviors we are expected to refrain from doing
Emblems
Gestures with direct verbal equivalents
Ideal culture
Cultural values a majority of people identify with in a given society
Real culture
Practices engaged by the majority of people in a given society
Cultural relativism
An ability to understand another culture in its own terms so that the culture is a coherent design foe living
Ethnocentrism
The tendency to believe that your own cultural beliefs are superior and should be used as the standards that other cultures are compared to
Subculture
A group that can be differentiated from mainstream culture by its divergent trait involving languages, norms, beliefs, and values
Counter Culture
A type of culture that strongly opposes the cultural aspects of mainstream culture
Symbol
An object, image, or event used to represent a concept
CulturalOmnivore
Someone who consumes elements of both popularand high culture
Collective Co-science
According to Durkheim, a recurring pattern bywhich people respect norms and follow them, because they haveinternalized them through early socialization practices
Culturaluniversals
Common practices shared by all societies
StratusSymbol
Material indicators of wealth and prestige
Social Facts
Observable social phenomena external toindividuals that exercise power over them