Psych as a science

• What does validity in psychology fundamentally ask?

  Is it true and accurate?
• Why is questionability important in psychology?

  To avoid bias in research findings
• What are the two types of validity discussed?

  Internal and external validity
• What does internal validity question in a study?

  Whether the independent variable caused the change
• What is a confounding variable?

  A third factor affecting the dependent variable
• What does external validity assess?

  Generalizability of findings to the real world
• What is ecological validity?

  Generalizability of findings to other settings
• What is mundane realism?

  How close a task is to real life
• What is population validity?

  Generalizability from sample to broader population
• What is temporal validity?

  Applicability of findings across different times
• What is face validity?

  Does the measure look like it measures what it intends?
• What is concurrent validity?

  Comparison with an established test's results
• What is predictive validity?

  Accurate prediction based on measure results
• How can internal validity be improved?

  By excluding extraneous variables
• How can external validity be improved?

  By replicating the study in different settings
• How can temporal validity be improved?

  By conducting modern-day replications
• What are the main types of validity in psychological research?

  • Internal validity
  • External validity
  • Ecological validity
  • Population validity
  • Temporal validity
  • Face validity
  • Concurrent validity
  • Predictive validity
• What are the factors that can affect internal validity?

  • Social desirability bias
  • Demand characteristics
  • Investigator effects
  • Researcher bias
  • Poorly controlled studies
• What are the factors that can affect external validity?

  • Setting of the study
  • Task realism (mundane realism)
  • Sample representation (population validity)
  • Temporal factors (temporal validity)
• How can researchers assess validity?

  • Face validity
  • Concurrent validity
  • Predictive validity
  • Criterion validity
• How can researchers improve the validity of their studies?

  • Control extraneous variables
  • Use random allocation
  • Replicate studies in different settings
  • Include diverse samples