1.3 divided society

• Temperance movements encouraged prohibition stating alcohol was behind poverty and domestic violence.
• Christians linked alcohol to sin.
• Beer was imported from Germany and after WWI anti-German feeling was high.
• In 1919 the 18th amendment banned alcohol through the Volstead Act.
• Workers lost jobs as breweries closed.
• This caused a rise in organised crime as they produced and sold illegal liquor with the help of corrupt police.
• Alcohol was smuggled from Canada by bootleggers.
• In 1933 the 21st amendment repealed the 18th amendment as it had an economic impact and caused a rise in organised crime and violence.
• Al Capone set up soup kitchens in Chicago, helped everyone make money and supplied alcohol as a public service.
• By 1924 there were 12 million immigrants in the island, 2% of them were deported.
• Immigrants were meant to blend together and become just Americans but people didn’t want to let go of their ethnicities and they built a hierarchy based on how established they were as an immigrant group.
• The literacy test was introduced in 1917 and the national origins act in 1924 to reduce the amount of immigrants.
• The red scare was when in 1929 there were strikes, riots, and industrial unrest and Americans blamed this on the communists and suspected immigrants.
• The Palmer raids were in 1920 were a response to these imaginary threats threatening to deport 10,000 people.
• Sacco & Vanzetti became anarchists when they saw the poor treatment and joined the labor movement.
• They were detained for robbery and murder on the 5th of May 1920 and stood trial in 1921 being seated in cages to look dangerous.
• They were electrocuted to death in 1927 and granted a pardon in the 1970s.
• The case took place during the red scare and was more about how they were Italian and they were prejudiced.
• Tulsa race massacre - 1921, burned Black Wall Street.
• Racial tension in the south due to segregation caused african americans to move to Chicago and New York, causing the population to double but they were made to live in 'ghettos'.
• The KKK (Ku Klux Klan) were a political force and white supremacy movement in early 1920s but died down.
• In 1924 they had 4.5 million members.
• They lynched 300 african-americans publicly between 1919 - 1925.
• The KKK was formed in the 1860s after the civil war by WASPs (white anglo saxon protestants).
• They attacked african americans, jews, catholics and foreign immigrants.