Central mandibular incisor

• The central incisor is smaller than the lateral incisor. Show little developmental lines. Mamelons are worn off very soon after eruption. The contact areas are near the incisal ridges mesially and distally, opposite that of the maxillary incisors
• Mandibular incisor crown are inclined labially, whereas maxillary ones are inclined lingually. The incisal planes of these sets of incisors are parallel with each other, fitting during incision
• Central mandibular incisors are the smallest teeth. The crown has a little more than half of the mediodistal diameter of the maxillary central incisor however, the labiolingual diameter is only 1 mm less (roughly 6 mm, simular to the diameter of the maxillary )
• The root is very narrow mesiodistally and corresponds to the narrowness of the crown although both can be broad labiolingually
• The root is as long or even longer than that of the maxillary central incisor
• Labial aspect: It has a regular, even incisal edge from the relatively sharp angles from both mesial and distal edges to the apical portion of the root
• Labial aspect: The incisal ridge and long axis of the tooth make approximately a right angle
• Labial aspect: Mesial and distal outlines of the crown make a straight drop downwards from the incisal edges to the contact areas. Contact areas are incisal to the junction of the incisal and middle thirds
• Labial aspect: mesial and distal sides of the crown taper evenly to the contact areas to narrow cervix. The root outlines are straight down to the apical point
• Labial aspect: the apical third of the root terminates with a small pointed taper that mostly curves distally
• Labial aspect: The crown's labial face is smooth, with a flattened face at the incisal third. The middle third is more convex, narrowing down to the convexity at the root of the cervical portion
• Labial aspect: newly erupted teeth can show some developmental lines apart from these as they show few traces
• Labial aspect: The labial surface of the root is regulat and slightly convex
• Lingual aspect: marginal ridges can be more prominent than the incisal edges
• Lingual aspect: smooth surface with slight concavity. This concavity is more prominent if the marginal ridges are more prominent
• Lingual aspect: the tooth is flat then convex as it progresses from the incisal third to the cervical third
• Lingual aspect: the cingulum is not marked by any developmental lines
• Lingual aspect: all outlines and surfaces are regular and symmetrical
• Mesial aspect: The curvature found both labially and lingually are less prominant than those of the maxillary incisors
• Mesial aspect: The labial face is straight proceeding the cervical curvature, sloping rapidly towards the incisal ridge
• Mesial aspect: The crown's lingual outline is labially inclined for a short distance above the convexity of the cingulum. The straight outline meets the concave outline in the middle third of the crown which then continues to meet the rounded outline of the narrow incisal ridge
• Mesial aspect: The incisal ridge is rounded or worn flat. Centre of lingual ridge is usually lingual to the centre of the root
• Mesial aspect: The cervical line has a curvature which represents the (CEJ) cementoenamel junction. It curves incisally approximately one third the length of the crown.
• Mesial aspect: The root outlines are straight with the crown outline from the cervical line so that the root diameter is uniform through the cervical third and part of the middle third.
• Mesial aspect: The outline of the root begins to taper in the middle third area, tapering rapidly in the apical third to either a bluntly rounded or pointed root end.
• Mesial aspect: The crown's mesial surface is convex and smooth at the incisal third and becomes broader and flatter at the middle third cervical to the contact area. It then becomes relatively flat with a tendency to be concave directly below the middle third of the crown, before the cervical line
• Mesial aspect: The root’s mesial surface is flat just below the cervical line. Most of these roots have a broad developmental depression for most of the root length, usually deeper at the junction of the middle and apical thirds.
• Distal aspect: The surface of the crown and the root are similar. The cervical line representing the cemetoenamel junction curves about 1mm less on the distal aspect compared to the mesial aspect.
• Distal aspect: The developmental depression on the distal surface of the root can be more prominent with a deeper and better defined groove in it's centre
• Incisal aspect: very symmetrical, incisal edge is almost at a right angle to a line dissecting the crown labiolingually. The labiolingual diameter is always greater than the mesiodistal.
• Incisal aspect: The crown's labial surface is wider mediodistally than the lingual surface. In the cervial third, the crown is uaully wider labially than lingually.
• Incisal aspect: The labial surface at the incisal third has a tendancy towards convexity whereas the lingual surface has a tendancy towards concavity