mandibular canine

• The crown is narrower mesiodistally than the max canine. It is however as long or longer by 0.5 - 1 mm.
• The root is usually long but it is usually shorter than the max canine
• The crown's labiolingual diameter is usually a fraction of a mm less less than the max canine is
• The crown's lingual aspect is smoother and with less cingulum development and less bulk to marginal ridges than the max canine. It resembles the form of the lingual surfaces of the mandibular lateral incisors
• The cusp is not as developed as the max canine and the ridges are thinner labiolingually
• Usually the cusp is in line with the apex from the mesial or distal aspect, but sometimes it can lay lingually similar to the mandibular incisors
• In some cases a bifurcated root can occur, which is a possible variation
• Labial aspect: Mesiodistally it is 1 mm shorter than the max canine
• Labial aspect: It is broader mesiodistally than the other anterior mandibular teeth
• Labial aspect: The crown appears longer than the max canine, but it only appears so due to the narrowness of the mand canine and the height of the contact area above the cervix.
• Labial aspect: The crowns mesial outline is almost straight with the root mesial outline. The mesial contact area is near the mesioincisal angle
• Labial aspect: The cusp is in line with the root, with the mesial ridge being shorter
• Labial aspect: the distal contact area is more towards the incisal aspect compared to the max canine, but not as as far as the mesial area as the same tooth. Basically the mesial side of the tooth will always have the higher POC
• Labial aspect: The cervical line curves apically on the labial side
• Labial aspect: Usually, the root is 1 - 2 mm shorter than the crown and the apical third is very sharp. Root curvatures are rare and when present, occur in the mesial side of the root
• Labial aspect: The crown appears to be bent distally from the root
• Lingual aspect: The lingual surface is flatter than that of the max canine. The cingulum is smooth and less developed.
• Lingual aspect: The marginal ridges are less developed and the lingual ridge is not very distinct until it approaches the cusp tip, where it becomes more prominent and raised
• Lingual aspect: The lingual portion of the root is relatively narrower than that of the max canine. It narrows to a little more than half of the width of the labial portion.
• Mesial aspect: The mandibular canine has less curvature labially with minimal curvature above the cervical line which is less than 0.5 mm. The lingual outline is curved similarly to the max canine but it differs in degree of curvature
• Mesial aspect: The cingulum is not as pronounced and the crown's incisal portion is thinner labiolingually which gives rise to a more pointed appearance and a slenderer cusp ridge. The cusp is more or less centred over the root
• Mesial aspect: The cervical line is more curved than the mesial cervical line of the maxillary canine. The root tip is also more pointed and there is a pronounced developmental depression
• Distal aspect: same differences here as between that of the mesial aspect as the mandibular and maxillary canine. These include the narrower cusps, less curved labial surface, less prominent cingulum, the cusp being centrally aligned with the apex, a sharper apex and higher tendency of having deeper developmental grooves
• Incisal aspect: The labiolingual dimension is larger than the mesiodistal dimension. The outlines of the mesial surface is noticeably less curved
• Incisal aspect: The mesial cusp ridge and cusp tip are more likely to be inclined lingually with the distal cusp ridge and contact area extension noticeably so