Maternal deprivation and its effects

• Who proposed the maternal deprivation hypothesis?

  John Bowlby
• Why is the critical period important in Bowlby's hypothesis?

  Children need continuous love and care to develop
• What does Bowlby's maternal deprivation hypothesis state?

  Prolonged separation from a caregiver harms development
• Why are early social experiences crucial for children?

  They help learn effective interaction with others
• What are the long-term effects of maternal deprivation according to Bowlby?

  Emotional and social problems later in life
• What are the main points of Bowlby's maternal deprivation hypothesis?

  • Prolonged separation harms development
  • Critical period: birth to 2.5 years
  • Long-term emotional and social problems
  • Feelings of insecurity and loneliness
  • Difficulty in trusting and forming attachments
• What are the potential effects of prolonged separation from a primary caregiver?

  Struggles to form and maintain relationships
• How does maternal deprivation impact social development?

  It disrupts early social experiences
• What are the effects of maternal deprivation on social development?

  • Difficulties with attachment:
  • Trouble forming secure bonds
  • Struggles to trust others
  • Poor social skills:
  • Inability to navigate social situations
  • Difficulty interpreting social cues
  • Aggressive behaviour:
  • Increased likelihood of aggression
  • Prone to anger and fights
• What is the critical period according to Bowlby?

  From birth to about 2.5 years
• What lifelong effects can result from maternal deprivation?

  Social deficits throughout life
• What are the strengths and limitations of maternal deprivation research?

  Strengths:

  • Comprehensive evidence from studies
  • Foundation for understanding attachment
  • Insights into long-term effects

  
  

  Limitations:

  • Limited generalizability
  • Difficult to establish causation
  • Ethical concerns about distress
• What does Bowlby's maternal deprivation hypothesis emphasize?

  The critical role of mother-child relationship
• What ethical concern is raised in maternal deprivation research?

  Causing distress during data collection
• What is a strength of the research on maternal deprivation?

  It provides comprehensive evidence on attachment
• How does maternal deprivation affect emotional development?

  It can significantly impact emotional regulation
• How does maternal deprivation affect trust and attachment?

  It makes it hard to trust and form attachments
• What did Rutter find about children recovering from separation?

  They can recover with consistent emotional support
• What does Bowlby's maternal deprivation hypothesis emphasize?

  Importance of a secure early bond
• What is maternal deprivation?

  Separation from a primary caregiver
• Why is generalizability a limitation in maternal deprivation research?

  It is limited to specific populations studied
• What feelings can result from maternal deprivation?

  Insecurity, anxiety, and depression
• What relationship issues can arise from maternal deprivation?

  Difficulty forming close relationships due to trust issues
• What are the key effects of maternal deprivation on emotional development?

  • Emotional instability
  • Increased likelihood of insecurity
  • Heightened anxiety
  • Risk of depression
  • Importance of consistent emotional care
• How do alternative perspectives differ from Bowlby's hypothesis?

  They consider individual differences and environmental factors
• What are the key perspectives on maternal deprivation?

  • John Bowlby: Prolonged separation harms development
  • Michael Rutter: Quality of care is crucial
  • Urie Bronfenbrenner: Multiple environmental factors shape growth
• What theory did Urie Bronfenbrenner develop?

  Ecological Systems Theory
• What did Bowlby emphasize as crucial for a child's psychological health?

  Consistent and loving care
• What did Michael Rutter argue about the quality of care?

  Quality matters more than duration
• What insights does maternal deprivation research provide?

  Long-term emotional and social effects
• What does social development refer to?

  Ability to interact and form relationships
• What study highlights the impact of early separation in maternal deprivation research?

  Bowlby's 44 Thieves study
• How might a child react to criticism after experiencing maternal deprivation?

  They may become overly sensitive to criticism
• What is a limitation of Rutter's perspective on maternal deprivation?

  It does not fully account for early separations
• What is a challenge in establishing causation in maternal deprivation studies?

  Other influencing factors complicate causation
• How does Bronfenbrenner view child development?

  As shaped by complex interactions, not just one caregiver
• What foundational aspect does maternal deprivation research provide?

  Understanding attachment in child development
• What is a limitation of Bowlby's perspective on maternal deprivation?

  It focuses solely on the mother-child relationship
• What are the strengths and limitations of Bowlby, Rutter, and Bronfenbrenner's perspectives?

  • Bowlby:
  • Strengths: Highlights early attachment importance
  • Limitations: Neglects other influencing factors
  • Rutter:
  • Strengths: Emphasizes resilience and adaptability
  • Limitations: Ignores impact of early separations
  • Bronfenbrenner:
  • Strengths: Considers diverse influences on development
  • Limitations: May not identify specific causes
• What is a limitation of Bronfenbrenner's perspective on maternal deprivation?

  It may not pinpoint specific causes of issues