Dehydration/ elimination of alcohol

• What can alcohols be converted into?

  Alkenes
• What reagent is used to heat alcohols under reflux for dehydration?

  Concentrated sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid
• What is produced when cyclohexanol is dehydrated?

  Cyclohexene and water
• What does dehydration of alcohols produce?

  A water molecule
• What type of reaction is the dehydration of alcohols?

  Elimination reaction
• What is removed in the dehydration of alcohols?

  A small molecule, water
• What alkenes can be formed from pentane-2-ol?

  Pent-1-ene and pent-2-ene
• What is the first step in the dehydration mechanism of alcohols?

  Lone pair on oxygen attracts hydrogen ion
• What happens after the oxygen forms a bond with the hydrogen ion?

  An intermediate molecule with positive oxygen forms
• What occurs to the electrons during the dehydration reaction?

  They move to form water and alkene
• What is regenerated at the end of the dehydration reaction?

  The acid catalyst
• What is the dehydration mechanism of alcohols using a concentrated acid catalyst?

  1. Lone pair on oxygen attracts hydrogen ion.
  2. Covalent bond forms with hydrogen ion.
  3. Intermediate with positive oxygen is created.
  4. Electrons move to release water.
  5. Electrons between carbon and hydrogen shift.
  6. Alkene and water are produced, regenerating the acid.