INTRODUCTION OF PHYSIOLOGY

• Study of the nervous system.

  Physiological psycholgy
• Study of the effects of drugs on the brain and behavior

  Psychopharmacology
• Study of the psychological effects of brain dysfunction in human patients.

  Neuropsychology
• Study of the relation between physiological activity and psychological processes in human volunteers by noninvasive physiological recording.

  Psychophysiology
• Study of the neural mechanisms of human cognition largely through the use of functional brain imaging.

  Cognitive neuroscience
• Study of the evolution, genetics, and adaptiveness of behavior, largely through the use of the comparative methods.

  Comparative psychology
• Sum of all biological process by which particular characteristics are transmitted from parents to offspring.

  Heredity
• Units of heredity that maintain their structural identity from one generation to another.


  Genes
• How humans adapt & respond to environmental stimuli in order to survive based on physical and psychological make-up.

  Evolution
• The idea that those heritable traits that are associated with high rates of survival and reproduction are the most likely to be passed onto future generations.

  Natural Selection
• The study of genetics & environmental influences on behaviors.

  Behavioral Genetics
• Visible type of behavior

  Overt Behaviors
• Type of behavior is not visible Voluntary Behaviors depends on human want

  Covert Behaviors
• Occurs naturally and without thinking.

  Involuntary Behaviors
• One that is not innate, instinctive: occurs only after experience or practice.

  Learned Behaviors
• Distinguish characteristics specific characteristics of an individual.

  Traits
• your height, weight, size, shape or another bodily characteristic.

  Physical traits
• Describe how a person tends to think, feel, and behave on an ongoing basis.

  Personality traits
• Inherent and remain stable overtime. Permanent

  Traits
• Subject to change based on situation. Temporary

  Behavior
• Is also a psychiatrist, but one who specializes in the use of medications for treating mental disorders.

  Psychopharmacologist
• The study of how the body interacts with administered substances for the entire duration of exposure.

  Pharmacokinetics
• Are the changes we can observe.

  Drug effects
• Locations where the drugs take effect.

  Sites of action
• How drugs move around the body:

  Absorption

  Distribution

  Metabolized

  Excretion
• Studying the action of the drug on the organism.

  Pharmacodynamics
• It is how the drug moves from the site of administration into the blood stream.

  Absorption
• Journey through the bloodstream to reach target cells and molecules.

  Distribution
• Describes modification by enzymes to render the drug ineffective.

  Metabolized
• Removal from the body via urine/feces.

  Excretion
• 6 methods of Drug Administration:

  Enteral route

  Topical route

  Parenteral route

  Inhalation

  Topical administration

  Oral administration
• Drugs are administered orally.

  Enteral route
• Application of the drug on the skin or an orifice eye drops, ear drops, nasal spray, and suppositories.

  Topical route
• Typically involves injection of drugs with needle.

  Parenteral route
• A method of delivering drugs to the lungs and bloodstream by breathing in vapors or aerosols.

  Inhalation
• A method of applying drugs to the skin or mucous membranes for local or systematic effects.

  Topical administration
• A method of swallowing drugs in solid or liquid forms for absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.

  Oral administration
• Types of Injection:

  Intramuscular injection

  Intraperitoneal injection

  Intravenous injection

  Intrarectal administration

  Subcutaneous injection

  Intracerebral administration
• A method of injecting drugs into a muscle for slow and sustained release.

  Intramuscular injection
• A method of injecting drugs into the abdominal cavity for rapid absorption and distribution.

  Intraperitoneal injection