Nikolai

• Science is a systematic, organized knowledge that investigates nature and is also a process of diverse events shaped by social forces and historical change, thus shaping culture.
• The field of artificial intelligence research was born at Dartmouth College in 1956.
• 1989 saw the advent of the World Wide Web.
• Technology is a system of skills, techniques, processes, and products of the scientific concept and is the scientific study of the practical or industrial arts.
• Society is an ethnic or racial network, based on gender, or due to shared beliefs, values, and activities.
• Science and technology in different periods display the understanding of humankind in the natural world (science) and the ability to control (technology) and influence it (society).
• Ancient Times saw the accumulation and transfer of knowledge evolve from ancient to modern humans, with the ability to make weapons from simple to modern ones becoming efficient.
• Sumerian civilization emerged in 3,500 BC in the southern region of Mesopotamia (corresponding to modern-day Iraq and Kuwait), relying on agriculture as the primary source of livelihood, creating the irrigation systems by constructing dikes and canals to control flooding, building large structures from sun-dried bricks made of clay, inventing the wheel, sail, and plow, improving trade and farming, forging bronze from copper and tin around 3,000 BC, allowing for more robust tools and weapons, and developing the first formal writing system called cuneiform.
• Babylonian civilization, positioned on the border of the famous Euphrates and Tigris rivers in Iraq, used a calendar with alternating 29 and 30-day months, requiring an extra month three times every eight years, and as a further adjustment, the King would periodically order an additional extra month into the calendar.
• Babylonian civilization dug canals and developed earthen dikes to irrigate their crops and provide water to their livestock.
• Aristotle wrote the History of Animals and listed all his observations about animals in this book.
• The Romans have constructed immense permanent structures such as domes, theaters, and stadiums.
• Egypt worked on metals to produce tools, weapons, and agricultural implements.
• Archimedes' Screw, invented by Archimedes, was an efficient way to move water up a hill.
• The Nile River provided Egypt with the necessary water requirements to support agricultural activities.
• The Greeks invented the crane to help lift heavy items such as blocks for constructing buildings.
• Indian civilization (1500 and 1000 BCE) developed the numbers and decimal notation that the world uses today, thus the most influential Hindu science achievement.
• Egypt constructed dwellings made of reeds and air-dried mud bricks.
• Adequate knowledge of geometry developed in India due to strict religious rules for the construction of altars.
• Scientific works of wise and gifted Greeks such as Thales, Socrates, Hippocrates, Aristotle, Archimedes, and Ptolemy served as foundations and pillars of Western civilization.
• The Romans developed infrastructure networks and constructed roads from Rome to other places in Italy.
• Euclid wrote the book entitled Elements which is about geometry.
• The Shula Sutras is a work that explains how to perform all the geometrical operations to support the religious procedures regarding altars.
• Ancient Egyptians devised a 365-day calendar.
• Egypt produced a variety of earthenware and pottery items.
• Greek civilization emerged at around 1,100 BC and had a stronger connection with philosophy, replacing the supernatural beliefs through the concept of a universe governed by natural laws.
• Roman civilization spanned from 102 – 44 B.C and established a sophisticated system to circulate written news published on Acta diurnal, which translates to "Daily events," and published the Acta Senatus that recorded the proceedings in the Roman senate.
• Babylonian astronomers compiled lists of planets and stars.
• Ancient Egyptians built great pyramids.
• Egyptian civilization began between 5,000 and 3,100 BC, geographically situated in Africa's Northeastern part.
• Hippocrates, the "Father of Western Medicine", also introduced cartography.
• Hieroglyphics is an Ancient form of writing created by the Egyptians.
• Pythagoras also studied geometry and discovered the Pythagorean Theorem.
• The development of the musket was in Spain in the 1500s.
• The Sumerians adopted the Sumerian sexagesimal system.
• Alchemy was a prominent belief in medieval times, with people believing they could change or transmute metals.
• The Gregorian Calendar became accepted as the established civil calendar when the reformation in the Christian calendar happened.
• The Crisis of the Late Middle Ages ensued due to The Black Death of 1348, causing a continuing decline in population for a century.
• The Church rarely intervenes in the progress of technology and science.
• Al-Kindi establishes the application of quantifying and mathematics in medicine and pharmacology in his work "De Gradibus." He used mathematics to measure the potency of drugs and determine in advance the most critical days of a patient's illness.