rhabdo, filo, borna

• What is the shape of Rhabdoviridae viruses?

  Rod-shaped
• What type of genome do Rhabdoviridae have?

  Linear, non-segmented RNA genome
• What is the shape of Rhabdoviridae in vertebrates?

  Bullet- or conical-shaped
• Where does replication of Rhabdoviridae occur?

  In the cytoplasm
• How do Rhabdoviridae acquire their envelopes?

  Through budding from plasma membrane
• What pH range are Rhabdoviridae stable in?

  5-10 pH (alkaline)
• What factors rapidly inactivate Rhabdoviridae?

  Heating, lipid solvents, UV light
• How are Rhabdoviridae transmitted?

  Bites of mammals, arthropod vectors
• What is the genus of the rabies virus?

  Genus Lyssavirus
• What is the primary reservoir for rabies virus?

  Raccoons, skunks, foxes, bats
• What are the two epidemiologically important cycles of rabies?

  Urban rabies in dogs, sylvatic rabies in wildlife
• How can rabies be transmitted besides bites?

  Through scratching and licking
• What diagnostic test is used to examine brains for rabies virus?

  Direct fluorescent antibody test
• What are Negri bodies?

  Intracytoplasmic inclusions in rabies diagnosis
• What are the control measures for rabies?

  Vaccination, restriction of movement, elimination of strays
• What animals are affected by Vesicular Stomatitis Virus?

  Cattle, pigs, and horses
• What is a differential diagnosis for Vesicular Stomatitis Virus?

  Foot-and-mouth disease
• How long is the incubation period for Vesicular Stomatitis Virus?

  1-5 days
• What are the clinical signs of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus in cattle and horses?

  Excess salivation and fever
• What lesions develop from Vesicular Stomatitis Virus?

  Vesicles on tongue and oral mucosa
• How is Vesicular Stomatitis Virus transmitted?

  By biting insects
• What is the pathogenesis of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus?

  Localized viral infection of mucous membranes
• What is the diagnosis for Vesicular Stomatitis Virus?

  Virus isolation in cell culture
• What is the morbidity and mortality of Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus?

  Morbidity 100%, mortality less than 1%
• What are the clinical signs of Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus?

  Biphasic fever, inappetence, stiffness
• What is the transmission route for Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus?

  Arthropod-transmitted
• What is the diagnosis for Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus?

  Antibody titration and virus isolation
• What is the synonym for Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus?

  Egtved
• What type of fever is associated with Filoviridae viruses?

  Severe hemorrhagic fever
• What is the incubation period for Marburg and Ebola diseases?

  4-10 days
• How is Marburg and Ebola transmitted among humans?

  Direct contact with infected patients
• What is the origin of the name Bornaviridae?


  Named for the town of Borna
• What disease does the Borna disease virus cause in horses?

  Fatal neurological disease
• What are the distinctive inclusions found in neurons infected by Borna disease virus?

  Joest-Degen bodies
• What is the diagnosis for Borna disease virus infection?

  Demonstration of antibodies in serum
• What disease does Avian Bornavirus cause?

  Proventricular dilation disease
• What are the signs of Avian Bornavirus infection?

  Neurological and gastrointestinal dysfunction
• What is the challenge in diagnosing Avian Bornavirus?

  Antemortem diagnosis can be difficult
• What diagnostic methods are used for Avian Bornavirus?

  Histopathological evaluation and immunohistochemical staining
• What is detected in psittacine birds using immunohistochemistry?

  Phosphoprotein (P) in various tissues