BIRTHS

• In 1900 the birth rate was 26 per 1000

  In 2022 the birth rate was 11 per 1000
• 1900 the total fertility rate was 3.5 births per woman

  2022 it was 1.6 births per woman
• 2021 29% of births in UK were to women who were born outside of the UK
• total fertility rate for women born outside o the UK was 2
• 1938 average first time mother was 26

  2022 average first time mother is 29
• 51% of babies in 2020 were born outside of marriage

  9% in 1970
• reasons for change in birth rate

  • changing position of women
  • changes in position of children
  • post modern society
• the changing position of women


  genderquake - radical change in women's attitudes towards family life, education and careers
• changes in position of children

  childhood has become more commercialised. parents spend 28% of income on children

  society has become more child centered, childhood is seen as being a very special time
• post modern society

  society has become more selfish and individualistic, people choose freedom and independence over the restrictions of parent hood
• voluntary childlessness

  1 in 4 women aged 40 had no children.