Players - stakeholders that affect a particular area and have influenece
OPEC - organisation of oil and petroleum exporting countries
consumers - an individual that takes in particular information , products , goods etc.
synoptic themes - players and globalisation
the balance between energy supply and demand determines the level of energy security . is supply exceeds demand the area is in enrgy surplus if demand exceeds supply there is energy deficit
energy mix - the eco position of a country’s energy sources
energy pathway - the movement of energy from its extraction or source through the likes of pipes
energy players - key companies and individuals who own distribute and sell energy sources
basic stages of player involvement - discovery , extraction , transportation , retail and consumption
Gasprom - Russian owned energy company utilise russias huge gas reserves and provide this gas to most EU countries
Gazprom's input makes 40% of EUs total gas supply which makes Russia very politically powerful
due to russia- ukranian war oil prices of crude oil have increased by $41
in June 2022 Russia cut off gas supplies by 80% to the Eu
shell - Bodo community took shell to court in 2017 and won with $110 million US dollars the community decided to evenly split the money due to fears of corruption
OPEC role ; protect interests of the member nations , stabilise oil prices , ensures regulatory supply of oil , controls 78% of worlds oil reserves
OPEC may have positive impact for communities and governments due to their ownership of large amounts of oil . more economically focused
possibly OPEC relevance ay be decreasing as a result of the rise in governments wanting to move to renewable energy resources where we are relying less on fossil fuels
TNCs role in energy pathways : TNCs can enrich poor countries to produce their own energy , responsible for exploration , extraction , transportation and refining , they respond to market conditions , they own supply lines
ncs have a positive impact on players such as governments due to their high economic activity
negative impacts of TNCs to locals as they ca take adavantges of locals and even environemntalists
almost 50% of oil and gas TNCs are state owned
TNCs are responsible for the discovery , transportation etc. so are largely important for the basis of the oil industry , however management strategies need t be checked and reviewed
national governments on their role in ENRGY pathways : governments can subsidise the use of renewable energy ,can make agreements and initiatives globally such as the Paris agreement 2015 , research and development for renewable energy
positive impacts of national governments : can appeal parties to ensure a greener world.
negative impacts of national government : initiatives can be disapproved by TNCs and OPEC as the want to ensure their oil businesses are still in the running compared to te move to renewable energy resource's
OPEC countries include , Saudi Arabia , Russia and Iran
the world has not 100% moved to renewables so will still require the usage of fossil fuels until these renewables have been mainstreamed
consumers role in energy pathways : demand and attitude of the people within countries can determine the type of energy used in that countries , NICs such as china have increased imports due to an increased consumerist society
positive impacts of consumers in energy security : environmentalists
consumer decisions may be the lost important as they underpin and include activities of national governments , OPEC and TNCs
Consumption - the action of using up a resource
Energy security - own consistent source of energy at an affordable price
Energy insecurity - cannot meet the energy needs of its own country
Surplus - an amount or quantity that is greater than what is needed
Key terms with energy security : consumption , demand , energy security , energy insecurity , surplus , finite and efficient
amount of energy consumed depends on: lifestyle , climate , technology , availability and need
Physical availability : if country cannot produce its own energy resource it will need to outsource , this causes an increase in transport costs
Technology : modern technology is continually being upgraded and renewed due to increase in consumer societies , can cause exploitation of oil and gas , modern techno is enrgy thirsty
Cost : energy cost includes physical exploitation , processing converting primary resources into secondary resources
Economic development : for some countries the same energy costs for all may be valued as expensive , economic development dictates how much energy is used as a result it underpins energy consumption