AO1

• Validity refers to whether an observed effect is a genuine one
• Reliability is the consistency of measurements.
• Validity

  • Gender bias in diagnosis
  • Symptom overlap
  • Co-morbidty
• Co-morbidity refers to the extent that 2 (or more) conditions or diseases occur simultaneously in a patient
• Test retest reliability: clinicians must be able to reach the same conclusions at two different points in time.
• Inter-rater reliability: whereby different clinicians can reach the same diagnosis. This is measured using a statistic called a kappa score.