biology

• nucleus - contains genetic information in animal plant and fungal cells
• plasmid- a small ring of genetic material in a bacterial cell
• cell membran - a selectively permeable membrane that controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell
• cytoplasm- jelly like material within cells containing organelles that are sites of various chemical react
• cell wall - helps create support for plant fungal and bacterial cells
• vacuole- membrane bound sack that stores solution of water, salts and sugar and helps support plant and fungal cells
• chloroplast- makes carbohydrates in green plant cells using light energy in the process of photosynthesis
• mitrochondrion- main site of ATP production in aerobic respiration in animal, plant and fungal cells
• ribosome- site of protein synthesis in all living cells
• diffusion and osmosis are passive because they do not require energy
• active transport is active because of the additional energy it requires
• Diffusion- passive movement of molecules down a concentration gradient from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration
• osmos - passive movement of water molecules down a concentration gradient from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration ( water movement by osmosis is always through a selectively permeable membrane)
• active transport- movement of molecules from a low concentration to a high concentration through a membrane, active transportation requires energy for membrane proteins to move molecules or ions against the concentration gradient
• normal red blood cell- high water concentration (water passes in from night water conentration to lower water concentration and the cell burst)
• normal red blood cell- equal water concentration ( cell stays the same)
• normal red blood cell- lower water concentration ( water passes out from high water concentration to lower water concentration and cell shrinks)
• to take up substances against a Concentration gradien, cells use Oxygen for Respiration to release Energy for the process of active transport (CORE)
• adenine and thymine
• guanine and cytosine